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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
near Bandar-e Nakhilu?
| NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
| 3709 | Prasum prom. | Cabo Delgado? in front of the Commore islands |
| 3710 | Quiloa | Kilwa Kisiwani island & Songo Mnara island, this area of Swahili culture might be beyond the southern limit of pre-islamic trading ports as archaeology has not (yet?) found any older artefacts |
| 3711 | Rhapta, Rapta, capital city of the country of Azania, Panchea, Zingion | archaeo finds at Mkukutu, Kibiti (Chami, 1998) and Kivinja, on R Rufiji, but Dar es Salaam remains a good candidate if Menuthias is Pemba island |
| 3711.1 | Mafiaco insula, Rhapta?? in country of Azania | Bwejuu island, Boydu Island, in front of Ras Kisimani on Mafia island |
| 3712 | Mafiaco insula, in country of Azania | Ukunju cave, near Kua, on Juani-Mafia island |
| 3713 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3713.1 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Machaga cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3713.2 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Kuumbi cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3714 | Pemba island, is also a candidate for Menuthias insula | |
| 3715 | Pyraloi, Puralaon insulae, in country of Azania | Lamu archipelago, with Manda, Pate & Lamu islands |
| 3715.1 | Toniki, Tonice Prom., in country of Azania | Burgabo, Burgao? on R Burgabo |
| 3715.2 | Gondal? | Kismayo, Kismaayo, near Goobweyn on R Juba |
| 3716 | Nicon, Nikon, in country of Azania | Barawa, Brava? |
| 3717 | Essina, Issina, in country of Azania | Merka, Marka? Gendershe, Gonderscia? |
| 3718 | Sarapion Prom., in country of Azania, with Ptolemy’s Great shore, Small shore, Notou Keras and Apokopa bay located within the ca. 1100 km stretch north of this place | Mogadishu? Warsheikh? |
| 3719 | Opone: Pwenet, Pwene, Pouen, Opone, Ophir?? Land of Punt? Zingis Prom.? south of which is the Zingium, Zyngion sea | Ras Hafun, Xaafuun, with bay of Khor Hordiyo, Hurdiyo? Other possible locations for Punt are Mundus, Mosylium and Adulis |
| 3720 | Pano, Panes | Ras Binna? now silted up |
| 3721 | Cape Tabae, Tabai | Tohen, Tooxin? where no shelter is found today due to sedimentation, but close enough of cape Gardafui to fit PME’s description, 8 km north of mighty Ras Shenarif, Chenarif, Shannaqiif |
| 3722 | Dioscoridis insula, Panchaia, Kokkonatou islands, Fortunate islands | Isle of Socotra, Suqutra |
| 3722.1 | Hoq cave on Socotra island, with many inscriptions and a drawing of a ship | |
| 3723 | Hajriya, Tamrida | Hadiboh on Socotra island |
| 3724 | Kosh on Socotra island | |
| 3725 | Aromaton Emporion, Tera Aromatica, Aromatifera Regio, Market and Cape of Spices, near Akroterion Aromaton, Cap des Aromates, Notou Keras? | Probably Daamo, Damo, 5 km west of Cape Guardafui, Ras Asir, Ras Caseyr |
| 3726 | Acana, Acannae, Daphnon Magnum, Psygmus, Psyglatus, Cinocephali waters, R Elephas? | Ras Alula, Bandar Ululah, Caluula |
| 3727 | Cape Elephas, Elephantas | Ras Felug, Filuk, Filuch, el-Fil |
| 3728 | Kobe, Cobe | Habo, Xabo, Abot fort? on Khor Filuk |
| 3729 | Daphnon Parvum | Bandar Muriyeh, Murcaayo |
| 3730 | Port of Botiala | Qoori, near Qandala, Candala, near R Tokwina |
| 3730.1 | Tapatege, Tabatege | Qandala, Candala? |
| 3730.2 | Nilopotamion | Bacaad? a delta that ressembles the Nile Delta |
| 3731 | Mosylium, Mosylon Emporion, below the Karkaar frankincense production area | Bosaso, Bandar Kasim? Another possible location is Ceelayo, Elayo, Elayu, 33 km west of Bosaso, with black volcanic cliffs that may have been taken for a promontory. Also possible is Ras Hantara, Aantaara, 45 km NE of Bosasso, below the Karkaar frankincense production area |
| 3732 | Mundus, Mondou Emporion, below the Cal Madow and Daallo frankincense production area, Pythangelu Limen? Land of Punt? Ophir?? | Heis, Xiis, with anchorage at Salweyn behind Heis island. Other possible locations for Punt are Adulis and Opone |
| 3733 | Khor Shoreh, Shoora | |
| 3733.1 | Malao? | Siyara, Siyaara |
| 3733.2 | Eil Geradi, Ceel Gerdi, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3734 | Malao, Leontoscope? | Berbera, can be seen as the port of Hargeisa (inland) where Neolithic cave paintings have been found |
| 3734.1 | Bulhar, on R Issutuggan | |
| 3735 | Avalitae, Avalites, Abalites, Aualis | Zeila, Saylac, in Somalia, 50 km East of Djibouti. Avalites seems to be located with some certainty at Zeila (in Somalia) on a former island protected by a sand spit |
| 3736 | Port of Isis | Djibouti? The Port of Isis is at ten days of navigation under oar (500-1000 km) from Adulis according to Pliny, which leads near Djibouti (at 660 km) with its two islands located just in front of the port, as indicated by Pliny |
| 3737 | Guinni Koma, ile du Diable, inside Ghoubbet el-Karab, Monfreid’s Gubet Karab | |
| 3738 | Obock | |
| 3739 | Khor Omeira, Monfreid’s Kor Omeira | |
| 3740 | Ras Imran | |
| 3741 | Eudaimon Arabia (Prosperous Arabia), Arabia emporion, Porto, Adane, Athenae | Aden |
| 3742 | Mesala | al-‘Asala, am-‘Asala |
| 3743 | PM: Saba, Sheba, Mariaba, ancient capital city of Sabean kingdom, not to be confused with Pliny’s Sabota, ancient capital of Hadramaut | PM: Marib, not to be confused with Shabwa located 182 km further east |
| 3744 | Abisama, Ambisama, Ebisma | Ras Sanbah? |
| 3745 | Bal Haf, Balihaf | |
| 3746 | Qana, Cana, Qani, Kane, port of the Hadramawites | Husn al-Ghurab (“Crow’s fort”, Fort du Corbeau), at Mawiyat, near Bir Ali |
| 3746.1 | Orneon insula | Geziret Sikha island, mentioned by PME 27 |
| 3746.2 | Troullas insula | Geziret Barraqah island, mentioned by PME 27 |
| 3747 | Trulla, Troulla, Tralla portus? | Ras Majdahah |
| 3748 | Tritus, Tretos portus? | Khor al-Mukalla |
| 3749 | al-Shirh | |
| 3750 | Ras Sharma | |
| 3751 | Thialemath? | al-Musayn’a |
| 3752 | Ras Sharwayn | |
| 3753 | Khaisat, South of Ras Fartak | |
| 3754 | Syagrus, Syagros, Suagros, at western end of sinus Sachalites, | Khalfat, on wadi Khalfut, North of Ras Fartak |
| 3755 | Ausara, Omana bay | Al-Ghayda? |
| 3756 | Neogilla, Neogeiala | Roman naval base at Damkot, Damqawt? |
| 3756.1 | Khor Kharfot, Kharfout, on wadi Sayq | |
| 3757 | Bosara, Boseude, Kosara, Koseude | al-Maghsil? |
| 3758 | Salalah, Raysut | |
| 3759 | Salalah, al-Baleed, al-Balid | |
| 3760 | Moscha, Abyssa, Sumhuram, below the Dhofar frankincense production area | Khor Rori, at the outlet of wadi Darbat, near Taqah |
| 3760.1 | Eastern end of sinus Sachalites, | Mirbat, 10th c. port near the Dhofar frankincense production area |
| 3761 | Asich, Asichon, Ascita, at western end of sinus Sachalites, west of Zenobii insulae | Ras Hasik, at western end of Khuriya Muriya bay, west of Khuriya Muriya islands |
| 3762 | Serapis insula, Pliny’s Ogyris insula? | Mazirah island |
| 3763 | Ras al-Jinz, al-Hawrah | |
| 3764 | Korodamon? Coromane? | Ras al-Hadd |
| 3765 | Sour | |
| 3766 | Qalhat, near wadi Hilm | |
| 3767 | Bandar Khairan | |
| 3768 | Cryptus portus, Amithoscuta, export of copper from Magan country (copper mountain)? | Muscat, Mascate |
| 3769 | Batrasava? Dimma | Seeb, Sib |
| 3770 | al-Suwadi, Sawadi | |
| 3770.1 | Sohar | |
| 3771 | Port Leupas | al-Liwa, Lua |
| 3772 | Khor Kalba | |
| 3773 | Port of Mount Orsa | Khor Fakkan, Chorfakan |
| 3774 | Dibba al-Hisn | |
| 3775 | Coboea portus, port of Goboea | Cuscan according to Forster, Haffah Bay?? |
| 3776 | Asabon, Asabi, Asaborum, Maketa, Mane, Maka Prom. | Khor Kumzar? Cape Musandam, Mussendom |
| 3777 | Portus Mochorbae, Port Machorbe | al-Rams, Rhums |
| 3778 | Rhegma, Regama, Raamah? | Kush, near Ras el-Khaïmah |
| 3779 | Ommana, Omana, Omanum emporium? belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire? | al-Dur, ed-Dur, next to Khor al-Beidah, in Umm al-Quwain Emirate |
| 3779.1 | Belonging to the country of Magan? Makkan, Makkash, Maka, Qade | Tell Abraq |
| 3780 | Jumeirah, Dubai | |
| 3781 | Belonging to the country of Magan? Makkan, Makkash, Maka, Qade, export of copper | Umm al-Nar, connected to the copper-rich Hajar mountains in Oman |
| 3782 | Taboca, Cadara, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Qatar |
| 3783 | Port of Gerrha? Chattenia? Attene? belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Uqayr, Port Aqeer, Uqair fort of uncertain date |
| 3784 | Gerrha? belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Al-Hufuf, is not a port but a major trade city, another option is Tell al-Zayer at Thaj |
| 3785 | Tylos, Tylus insula, Arados insula on the Leanite bay, centre of the archaic Dilmun empire | Qalat al-Bahrain fort |
| 3785.1 | Bilad al-Qadim, near al-Khamish and al-Hassam mosques, Bahrain | |
| 3785.2 | Saar temple, Bahrain | |
| 3785.3 | Barbar temple, Bahrain | |
| 3785.4 | Samahij, Samaheej, Mashmahij, Meshmahig, Bahrain | |
| 3786 | Ain as Sayh, near al-Khobar | |
| 3787 | Dammam | |
| 3788 | belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire? | Darin, on Tarout island |
| 3789 | Qatif | |
| 3790 | Ayn Jawan | |
| 3791 | Dosariyah | |
| 3792 | Jabal Berri | |
| 3792.1 | Istriana | Possibly in the area of Manifa, Munifah? |
| 3792.2 | Mallaba, Mallada | Possibly in the area of Ras al-Khafji? |
| 3793 | Burgan hill, Koweith | |
| 3794 | Akarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Tell Khazneh & Tell Sa’ad & Tell Sa’aid, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3795 | Akarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Khor, al-Khidr, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3795.1 | Akarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Awazim, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3796 | Itamos, Tamus portus, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire? | Koweith |
| 3797 | Tell Akkaz, Koweith | |
| 3798 | Umm an-Namel, Koweith | |
| 3799 | Nahdain, Subiyah, Koweith | |
| 3800 | Teredon, Teriton, Diritotis, Didotis, on R Euphrates, Marcian’s Adarupolis? Ptolemy’s Adarou? | very uncertain location North of Bubiyan island |
| 3801 | Apologos, Marcian’s Coromane? Ptolemy’s Koromanis? | al-Ubullah? al-Abelah? Bassora? |
| 3802 | Forat, on R Pasitigris | near ad-Dayr, about 10 km downstreams of Charax |
| 3803 | Charax Spasinou, Spasinu Caras, Alexandria, Antiochia, Maisan on the Mesanites bay? on R Pasitigris | Jebel Khayabir, about 15 km SE of al-Qurna and about 40 km NW of Basra, on R Shatt el-Arab |
| 3804 | Lagash, archaic capital of the Sumerian country | Tell al-Hiba |
| 3805 | Girsu | Tell Telloh |
| 3805.1 | Nigin, Nina, Nenua | Tell Zurghul |
| 3806 | Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, North Port | Tell el-Muqayyar, with “two off-river basins enclosed within the walls of Ur” acc. to Blackman (1982, p92) |
| 3806.1 | Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, West Port | Tell el-Muqayyar, with “two off-river basins enclosed within the walls of Ur” acc. to Blackman (1982, p92) |
| 3806.2 | Port of Ur? | Tal Abu Tbeirah, 6 km south of Nasiriyah |
| 3806.3 | Eridu, Eridou | Tel Abu Shahrain |
| 3807 | Uruk, Orchoe, Erech, Orikut | Warka |
| 3808 | Borsippa, Burs, Dorista? | Birs Nimrud |
| 3809 | Babylon, Babel | Babylon |
| 3809.1 | Akkad, Agade, archaic capital of the Akkadian country, Diniktum? | Tell Muhammad? at confluence of R Tigris and R Diyala |
| 3809.2 | Susa, Shushan, Seleucia ad Eulaeum, on R Eulaeus | Sush, Suze, located between two rivers: R Karkheh and R Dez-Karun |
| 3809.3 | Aginis, on R Eulaeus | possibly in this area |
| 3810 | Hypothetical ancient outlet of R Mogeus, Mogaios, Mosaios | Near modern outlet of R Karun |
| 3810.1 | Sinus Pelodes, Sinus Steloas, located by Marcian between R Mogaeus and R Eulaeus, with a Taxiana insula | Possibly in this area which is now being filled with sediment from R Jarrahi |
| 3810.2 | Hypothetical ancient outlet of R Eulaeus, Ulai, Ulaya, flowing through Susa | R Eulaeus is usually identified with R Karkheh, but could also be R Dez-Karun as both rivers lead to Susa |
| 3810.3 | Muddy shallows | Obviously not a port, but shoal possibly located at an ancient outlet of R Jarrahi, R Maroon, Marun |
| 3810.4 | Taxiana insula, located by Marcian in front of lake Palode | Dara island? |
| 3810.5 | Margastana insula, at mouth of lake Kataderbis | possibly in this area |
| 3811 | Mahruban, on R Oroatis, R Arosis, R Shirin | submerged city, on R Zoreh, R Hendiyan, R Tab, or on an ancient eastward course of R Karun |
| 3812 | R Brizana? R Brisoana? | Large river estuary south of Bandar Deylam |
| 3813 | Jannaba, on R Rhogonis, Rhogomanis, Rogonis | Bandar Ganaweh |
| 3814 | Sophtha insula, Arakia insula? | Kharg island |
| 3815 | R Granis, Dratinus | Outlet of R Dalaki |
| 3815.1 | Taoke, Temukan, Tamukkan, on R Granis, Dratinus | Bardak-Siah Palace, on R Dalaki, near Borazjan, inland palace mentioned by Arrian |
| 3816 | Shif, in front of Shif island | |
| 3817 | Mesambria? Alexandri insula? | Bushir, Bushehr |
| 3817.1 | Antiocheia Persidos? | Bushir, or near Bushir |
| 3818 | Liyan, Ionaka? | Tepeh Sabzabad, Tol-e Peytul, near Rishir, Rishahr, Rayshahr, Rivard Ardashir, Bokht Ardeshir |
| 3819 | R Padagrus | Bay of Halileh, north of Delvar |
| 3820 | Hieratis, with Heratemis canal | South of Delvar |
| 3821 | R Sitacus | R Rodjanh |
| 3822 | Ausinza, Ausizan | Cape Verdistan, west of Bandar Dayer |
| 3823 | Gogana, near R Areon | Bataneh, near Bandar Dayer |
| 3824 | Siraf, Tahiri | Bandar Siraf, near R Kunarak |
| 3825 | R Badagra, Bagrada | Large bay south of Assalouyeh and north of cape Nabon |
| 3825.1 | Apostana | near Teban beach? |
| 3826 | Ochus | near Bostano? |
| 3827 | pearl fishers’ island | Lavan island |
| 3827.1 | R Dara | near Bandar-e Nakhilu? |
| 3828 | Eas, behind Kaikandros, Cecandrus insula | Hendurabi island |
| 3829 | Kataia, Cataea insula | Kish, Qeys island |
| 3829.1 | R Cathrapis, Kathraps | near Bandar Charak? |
| 3830 | Sisidona, Sidodona, near R Salsos, R Korius? east of Tarsias, Themistias Prom. | Berkeh Sofleyn, Bandar Suflin, near R Rud-e Shur in Haraye Khamir protected area? east of Ras Shenas |
| 3831 | unnamed insula | Greater Tunb island |
| 3832 | Anchorage in front of an island devoted to Poseidon | Dayrestan bay, in front of Hengam, Angar island |
| 3832.1 | Oaracta insula, Oorachtha, Oracta, in front of R Salsos, R Korius | Qeshm island, in front of R Rud-e Shur |
| 3832.2 | Agedana insula, Sagdana? Ogyris? | Larak island, where “red lead” (iron ore) is found |
| 3832.3 | R Achidana | near Pol-e Angur? |
| 3833 | Organa insula, Jarun island, Ogyris? in front of R Daras? | Hormuz island |
| 3833.1 | R Adanis | near Bandar Abbas? |
| 3834 | Harmozeia, Harmozan, Armuzia, near R Anamis, R Saganos | R Minab, R Ibrahemi, near Kolahi |
| 3835 | Neoptana, Portus Macedonum? on R Hyctanis? | South of Bandar Kargan |
| 3836 | Karpella | Ras el-Kuh Mobarak, Bombareek |
| 3837 | Badis, Marcian’s Kanthatis? Caumatis? Kanate? | Cape Jask |
| 3837.1 | Agrisa? Ommana? Rhogana? | Mangrove area west of Surgalm? |
| 3837.2 | R Salarus | R Sedji, 25 km west of Mohammadabad |
| 3838 | Dagaseira, Dagasira | Port Lyrdf |
| 3839 | Troesi, Troea, Marcian’s Pasis? | Khor Galak, on R Fanuj |
| 3840 | Samydake, Caumatis, Kanthatis, Kanate | Bandar Tang |
| 3840.1 | R Samydacus | R Nikshahr |
| 3840.2 | Pola, Polla insula? | Area between Pozm Tiyak and Konarak, where a large island may have been connected to the mainland by a tombolo |
| 3841 | Kanasida, Tesa, Tysa, Tyz | Tiz, Churbar bay, Chabahar bay |
| 3842 | Talmena, Kandriakes, near R Hydrianeus, Hydriacus? | Lipar, on Chabahar Pink Lake |
| 3843 | Bageia, Bagia Prom. | Beris |
| 3844 | Kyiza, Kuitza, Guitza | Kushat? Arrian mentions anchoring in front of a beach with heavy surf ; Marcian mentions a port, presumably Pasabandar |
| 3845 | Alambatera, Alambater, Alabagium Prom. with Ziba, Liba insula | Ras Fasta, at Pasabandar, but unidentified Ziba island |
| 3846 | Kophas, Kophanta, Gophanta, near R Cophes | Jiwani, inside Guttar, Gwatar bay, near outlet of R Dasht Kaur (Marcian erroneously places Carmina insula in this area) |
| 3847 | Deren-Obila, Dendrobosa | Pishukan (Marcian seems to have inverted Derenobilla and Cophanta) |
| 3848 | Barna, Barada, Badara, Balara insula | Kuh Batil at Gwadar |
| 3849 | Balomus, on R Zorambos, Zorombos | R Saie Kaur |
| 3850 | Mosarna, Musarna | silted-up West of Ras Jaddi, near Pasni and outlet of R Shadi |
| 3851 | Kissa, Cissa, Karbis, Carbis | Pasni, near outlet of R Shadi Kaur |
| 3851.1 | Carmina, Karmine, Asthala insula, called Asthea insula by Ptolemy, Nosala insula, Solis insula, Selera insula, Nympharum Cubile | Astola, Astalu, Haptalar, island ; acc. to Arrian’s description, Carmina insula is located in the country of Fish-eaters between Cape Jask and Ras Malan, and could thus be here |
| 3852 | Kabyla, Kalama Kolpos, in front of Carmina, Karmine insula, also called Nosala insula? | Khor Kalmat, near Sokhta Koh |
| 3853 | Kolta, Colta | Ras Sakani |
| 3854 | Bagasira, Pasira | Ormara |
| 3854.1 | Malana Prom., Maleus Mons | Ras Malan |
| 3855 | Stobera, on R Tomerus, Tonberus, Tuberus | Kund Malir, on R Hingol |
| 3856 | Kokala, Cocala, Origala? Oritene? Oraea? Horaia? Ora? port of Alexandria Rhambakia, Rambacia? | unlocated anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly at Liari (now inland) near R Titian, Alexandria is possibly located at Uthal on R Kharari? |
| 3857 | Kabana, Cabana, Argenuus? | unlocated anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly near Sonmiani at outlet of R Porali? |
| 3857.1 | Pagala, Pagadae, Pagana | anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly near Naka Kharari? |
| 3858 | R Aarabes, Artabis, Arabius, Nabris, Cabirus, in front of a high desert island | Sunera, on R Hub, Hab, in front of Churna, Charna island, near Ras Muari, Cape Monze |
| 3859 | Morontobara, Gynaikon Limen, Marogomatrae? Rhapraua? Sindu? | Karachi, behind Manora reef |
| 3859.1 | second island (offshore) visited by Alexander | Ratto Kot? 4-5th c. AD fortress, possibly older. Other possible place: Jaki Bandar (Medieval Lahori Bandar, 24.6300°N, 67.3698°E) |
| 3859.2 | Daybul, on R Sagara, Sakala, Saranga, Sangada, which seem to be used also as placenames by Arrian | Banbhore, on ancient western branch of the Indus delta, now Gharo creek |
| 3859.3 | Domai, Coralliba insula | Possibly in this area? near R Ranpattahni, Ran Pethani |
| 3859.4 | Alexandrou Limen, Portus Macedonum, on R Sagapa, Sangada, Sinthos, behind insula Bibacta, Bibaga, Barbarikon, Barbaricum, Barace, Abies | Tharro Hill, Kervran suggests that Bibacta insula and Cilluta insula are both located here |
| 3859.5 | Cilluta insula, Scillustis, Psiltucis, first island visited by Alexander, Marcian’s Coeamba? Ptolemy’s Coiamba? | Makli hill? now inland, near Thatta (Medieval Debal), such a large island must have been seen by Alexander |
| 3860 | Krokala, Cocala insula | Possibly in this area? near Lake Kalri |
| 3860.1 | Koreestis, Coreestis | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.2 | Kaumara, Kaumana,Caumara | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.3 | Stura, Stoura | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.4 | Patala, Pattala, Potana, with Patalene island at the top of the delta of R Sinthos, R Phison | Hyderabad? on R Indus, Ganjo Takkar is the only credible island where the Indus could have split into the two main branches forming the delta |
| 3860.5 | Alexander’s naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, where Leonnatus waited for him ; Marcian’s Rhizana? | Lal Daro? |
| 3860.6 | Canthi, Xilenopolis, Great lake, Samara lake | Rann of Kutch? |
| 3860.7 | Alexander’s naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, from where Nearchus was supposed to leave the country, but he finaly left via the western branch | Lakhpat? |
| 3861 | Isle of Bet Dwarka, in Gulf of Kutch | |
| 3861.1 | Barake insula, in Baraca sinus, Kanthi sinus, Canthicolpo | Isle of Dwarka, in Gulf of Kutch, with possible port near Rupen Bandar. Acc. to Mar Erythr Periplus, Baraca bay (Gulf of Kutch) is very dangerous sailing and ships should stop at its entrance (Dwarka). |
| 3861.2 | Meda creek, possibly in front of Harshad Mata temple, near Miyani | |
| 3861.3 | Kindari creek, near Visawada | |
| 3861.4 | Bardaxema, Bardaxima | Porbandar, on Saurashtra peninsula |
| 3861.5 | Monoglossum emporium, at outlet of R Mophidis | Mangrol Bara, on R Noli, acc. to Ptolemy, Monoglossum and R Mophides are close to each other, and located between Sinus Canthicolpico (Gulf of Kutch) and Sinus Barigazeno (Gulf of Khambhat, Kambay), south of Bardaxema |
| 3861.6 | Somnath, Prabhas Patan, on Triveni Mahasangam creek, on R Hiran | |
| 3861.7 | Kanjetar Harappan site | |
| 3861.8 | Diva Dandi lighthouse at Mul Dwarka, near Kodinar, on R Shinghoda | |
| 3862 | Kaj, with Roman amphorae, west of Diu island | |
| 3862.1 | Astakapra, Astacampra, on Syresthrene peninsula | Hathab, on Saurashtra peninsula, west of Piram Bet island, in Gulf of Khambhat |
| 3862.2 | Papica, Papike Prom., on Syresthrene, Syrastra peninsula, west of Baiones insula | Ghogha, Gundigar, on Saurashtra peninsula, in Gulf of Khambhat |
| 3862.3 | Lothal, on R Bhogavo-Sabarmati, a fresh-water reservoir or a harbour basin? | |
| 3862.4 | Barygaza, Barugaza, Bargosa, on R Namadus | Bharuch, on R Narmada |
| 3862.5 | Kammoni, Kammanes, Camanes, Orrhotha? on R Nanaguna | Kamrej, on R Tapi, Tapti, with other sites at Jokha and Dhatva, Pollet places Kammoni 12 km north at Kim |
| 3862.6 | Suppara, Souppara, Supparaka, north of R Gaoris, Goaris | Bhatela Talav lake, at Nala Sopara, north of Bassein Creek on R Ulhas |
| 3862.7 | Kalliena, Calliana | Kalyan, on R Ulhoa, Ulhas, Bahayandar |
| 3863 | Elephanta insula, Dounga? near Heptanesia, north of R Binda, Bendas | Gharapuri island, near Mumbay, on Thane Creek, Pollet places Dounga 38 km further north at Dongri |
| 3863.1 | Semylla, Semulla, Chemulaka, Sibor? | Chaul, Revdanda fort, in front of Korlai Fort, on Roha Creek at outlet of R Kundulika |
| 3863.2 | Mandagora, Mandargiri, Mandgor | Bankot Fort, at outlet of R Savitri |
| 3863.3 | Palaepatmae, Palaipatmai | Dabhol, on R Vashishthi |
| 3863.4 | Melizigara, Milizigeris, Sigerus | Jaigarth, on R Shastri |
| 3863.5 | Byzantion, Byzantium | Vijayadrug Fort? at outlet of R Vaghotan |
| 3863.6 | Togarus, Toparon | Devgad Fort, at outlet of R Devgad |
| 3863.7 | Aurannoboas, Erannoboas, Tyrannosboas | Malwan |
| 3863.8 | Kouma | Velha Goa, on R Mandovi |
| 3863.9 | Aigidioi nesos | Anjidev, Angediva island, at modern Karwar naval base |
| 3863.91 | Chersonesus, in front of Keineitoi Nesos | Honavar, in front of Basavaraj Durga island, near outlet of R Sharavati |
| 3863.92 | Leuke Nesos | Nethrani island, Pigeon island |
| 3863.93 | Kalaikarias | Udipi, on R Papanashini |
| 3863.94 | Nitries, Nitrias, Nitra emporium, Mangarouth? | Mangalore? on R Netravati |
| 3863.95 | Naura, Naoura | Kannur, Cannanore |
| 3863.96 | Tyndis, Tundis, Cosmas’ Salopatana? | Ponnani, at outlet of R Bharathapuzha, or Beypore, at outlet of R Chaliyar |
| 3864 | Muziris, Muzuris, Muciri, Cosmas’ Nalopatana? on R Pseudostomi | Pattanam, near R Periyar |
| 3864.1 | Tropina, Ptolemy’s Podoperura? Cosmas’ Poudopatana? | Tripunittura, near Cochin, Kochi |
| 3864.2 | Nelcynda, Neacyndi, Nelkunda, Melcynda, Melkunda, Nincylda, Nilcinna | Niranam? on R Pampa, with famous St Mary’s Orthodox Church founded by St Thomas in 54 AD. Pollet places it 26 km further north at Kottayam |
| 3864.3 | Barace, Bakare, Baccare, on R Baris | Thottapally? at outlet of R Pampa |
| 3864.4 | Elangkoros, Elancor, Elancorum emporium | Kollam, Quilon |
| 3864.5 | Pyrron Oros, Red Mount, Red Cliffs, Rufus | Varkala |
| 3864.6 | Balita, Bambala, Bamala | Vizhinjam |
| 3864.7 | Komarei, Comari, Comorin Prom., Marcian’s Cory? | cape Kanyakumari |
| 3864.8 | Kolkhoi, Kolchi, Colchis, near R Solenis | Vetrivel Amman temple tank, Korkai, near R Thamirabarani, Tamraparni |
| 3864.9 | Mosikouri, Mosicure | Tuticorin |
| 3865 | Talacori emporium? Manthottam, Mantota, Mahathiththa? in front of Orneon nesos, on Taprobane insula | Manthai, near R Aruvi Aru, in front of Mannar island, on Sri Lanka island, Ptolemy’s Talacori might be placed near the very old Ketheeswaram temple |
| 3865.05 | Hippuros? on Taprobane insula | Cape Kudiramalai, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.1 | Margana? on Taprobane insula | Uruvelapattna, at outlet of R Kala Oya, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.2 | Priapidis portus? on Taprobane insula | Salavattota, at outlet of R Daduru Oya, near Chilaw, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.3 | Wattala, at Colombo, on R Kelani Ganga, on Sri Lanka island | |
| 3865.4 | Odoka, on Taprobane insula | Galle, Gimhathitha? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.5 | Mordi portus Godapwata, on Taprobane insula | Gothapabbata, Godavaya? near R Walawe Ganga, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.6 | Port of Maagrammon, Palaesimundum? on Taprobane insula | Kirinda, port of Tissamaharama, near R Kirindi Oya, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866 | Solis portus? on Taprobane insula | Pottuvil? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.1 | Rhizala portus? on Taprobane insula | Peariyakallar? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.2 | Spatana portus? on Taprobane insula | Lankapattana? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.3 | Nagadiba, Gokanna, Gokarna, on Taprobane insula | Trincomalee, near outlet of R Mahavali, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.4 | Modutti emporium? on Taprobane insula | R Pudavaikattu? on Sri Lanka island, This location agrees with Ptolemy’s coordinates with respect to Talacori emporium |
| 3866.5 | Boreum, Boreion Prom., on Taprobane insula | Cape Sakkotei, Point Pedro, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.6 | Jambukolapattana, west of Kankesanthurai, on Sri Lanka island | |
| 3867 | Saliyur | Alagankulam, on R Vaigai |
| 3867.1 | Chaberis emporium, Kaberis, Cosmas’ Caber, and nearby Nagour, Carmara, Kouroula, Thellyr & Nikama, Marallo? | Puhar, Poompuhar to Kaveripattinam, on R Kaveri |
| 3867.2 | Karige | Karaikadu |
| 3867.3 | Podouke, and nearby Souboura | Arikamedu, near Puducherry, on R Ariyankuppam |
| 3867.4 | Sopatma | Marakkanam |