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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
3868 | Bethaphou, Boutaphion, near Bitylion, Bittylios, Bytl, Betilium, Ienysos? | Tell Temilat & Tell el-Sheikh, & Tell Abu Salima, near Sheikh Zuweid |
3868.1 | Fort on the “Ways of Horus” | Haruba, Haruvit, near el-Kharruba |
3868.2 | Rinokoloura, Rhinocolura, Ariza? Phakidia & Laura located in this area? | el-Arish, on R wadi al-Arish |
3868.3 | Ostrakine, Ostracena, near Serbonitis Limen, Sirbonis Limen | Isle of el-Felusiyat on Lake el-Bardawil |
3868.4 | Fort on the “Ways of Horus” | Bir el-Abd |
3869 | Kasion, Casius Mons, on ancient “Via Maris” on top of this sand barrier | Ras Qasrun, Khatib el-Qals, el-Qels |
3869.1 | Pentaschoinon, Pentascino | on the road between Gerra and Kasion |
3869.2 | Aphnaion, Aphthites? Aphthaia? | unlocated between Gerra and Pentaschoinon |
3870 | Gerra, Geros, Geras, Skenai also located in this area | Tell Mahmudiyeh, Mahammediya, near Pelusion |
3870.1 | Chabriou Charax, Chabrias, Castra Alexandri also located in this area | on the road between Pelusion and Gerra |
3871 | R Nile, R Aegyptus, navigable between Lake Mareotis and the first cataract (Elephantine island near Assouan) with many ports, among which Coptos (Qift) which was the connection to/from the Red Sea. | The Nile Delta contains hundreds of archaeological sites on “tells” and “koms” which have been listed elsewhere (see http://deltasurvey.ees.ac.uk/dsintro.html). We mention here the most important sites which are located on the main branches of the Nile and may have offered harbour facilities accessible to sea-ships. |
3872 | Pelusion, Pelusium, Peluse, Sena, Seyan, Saien, Sin, Per-Amun, Paramoun, Peleos? Ptolemais in Pelusion & Lychnos & Thylax also in this area? | Tell el-Farama |
3873 | Tell el-Louly | |
3874 | Saite Migdol, Jeremiah’s Migdol, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Kedua, Kedwa, Qedua, Oren’s T-21 |
3874.1 | Tell Ghaba | |
3875 | Persian Migdol, Greco-Roman Magdolos, on the “Ways of Horus” | Tell el-Herr, el-Heir |
3875.1 | On the “Ways of Horus” | Tell Abyad, Ebedah, Oren’s T-116 |
3875.2 | Seti I’s Migdol, Biblical Migdol? Pi-Hahiroth? Baal Zephon? on the “Ways of Horus”, Rameses III’s famous Nile Delta Battle (1178 BC) possibly in this area | Oren’s T-211, near his T-78? |
3876 | Dwelling of the Lion? | Tell el-Borg, el-Burdj |
3877 | archaic Tjaru “west”, Tcharou, Zaru, Tharu, on Pelusiac Nile branch, starting point of the “Ways of Horus” to Gaza | Tell Heboua (I), Habua, Habwa, massive New Kingdom twin-fort |
3877.1 | archaic Tjaru “east”, Tcharou, Zaru, Tharu, on Pelusiac Nile branch, starting point of the “Ways of Horus” to Gaza | Tell Heboua (II), Habua, Habwa, massive New Kingdom twin-fort |
3878 | Sile, Silu, Sele, nea-Tcharou, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Abu Seifa, Abou Seify, near Qantara |
3879 | Daphnae, Daphnes de Peluse, Biblical Tahpanhes, on Pelusiac Nile branch, Startopeda in this area? | Tell Defenneh, Defenna, Tahpanhes |
3880 | Herakleopolis Mikra, Heracleus, Sethroe | Tell Belim |
3881 | Hephaistos, Efestus | Sanhur |
3882 | Minshat Abu Omar | |
3883 | Imet, Senou? on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Nebesha, Farun |
3884 | Archaic Egyptian Ra-Hat, Ro-hat? | Tell Ibrahim Awad |
3885 | Pi-Ramesses, Pi-Ramses, Piramesse, Biblical Raamses, Rameses, with port near main palace, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Qantir, port is north of village, famous stables are south |
3886 | Avaris, Hutwaret, Rowaty, archaic capital city of the Hyksos ; renamed Peru-nefer as from 1550 BC and hosting the naval base of Thoutmosis III and Amenhotep II, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell el-Dab’a |
3887 | Phakoussai, Phakoussa, Phacussa, Phaguse, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Faqus? Snape (2014) places it at Saft el-Henna |
3888 | Bekhnu? Dekyt? | Tukh el-Qaramus |
3889 | Isieion? on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Mufta |
3890 | Pi Sopdu, Per Soped, Saphthis, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Saft el-Henneh, Hinna |
3890.1 | Thou? | Tell al-Shaqafiyah, on wadi Tumilat, near Ismailia Canal |
3891 | Pithom, Per Atum, Pitoum, Patumos, Biblical Pithom? in the archaic Tjekou valley, Biblical Succoth district? | Tell el-Retabeh, Retabah, Rotaba, Ras al-Wadi, Tell el-Kebir, on Wadi Tumilat, near Ismailia Canal |
3892 | Heroonpolis, Heropolis, Eropolis, City of Heroes, on the Canal of Necho II, Darius I and Ptolemy II, in the archaic Tjekou valley, Biblical Succoth district? | Tell el-Maskhuta, on wadi Tumilat, near Ismailia Canal, 1 st stela of Darius on Nile to Red Sea canal |
3892.1 | Thaubasion, Thaubastum | Abu Atwa? fortress possibly in this area (within 5-10 km?) |
3892.2 | Serapeion, on Lake Scorpio | Serapium, Sarabiyum, 2nd stela of Darius on Nile to Red Sea canal (lost), near Lake Timsah |
3892.3 | Biblical Etham? Daneon Portus? Port of the Danei? | Deversoir? on Nile to Red Sea canal, near Difarsuwar air base, with 145×45 m fortress (destroyed?) |
3892.4 | Arsinoe? Cleopatris? near Lakes Kemwer, Kemour? | Mahattat al Kibrit, Kabret, between both Bitter Lakes, 3rd stela of Darius on Nile to Red Sea canal found 3 km south, near Chalouf, Shaluf, Ptolemy locates Arsinoe at 20′ of latitude north of Clysma |
3892.5 | Koubri, 4th stela of Darius (Xerxes) on Nile to Red Sea canal | |
3893 | Leontopolis South, Ioudaion Stratopedon, Jewish camp, on Boubastic Nile branch | Tell el-Yahudiya, Mount of the Jews |
3893.1 | Helioupolis, Helius, Solis, Berenikes Hormos? | Matariya (North Cairo), Heliopolis |
3894 | Thennesos, on Tanitic Nile branch | Tell Tinnis |
3895 | Tanis, Djanet, archaic D’nt, Sa’nu, Biblical Tsoan, Zoan, on the Tanitic Nile branch | Tell San el-Hagar |
3895.1 | Tell el-Farkha, near Ghazalah | |
3896 | Pharbaitos, Pharbaethos, Sheten, Setennu, on Tanitic Nile branch | Horbeit |
3897 | Boubastis, Bubastis, archaic Pi Ubaste, Pi-Beset, Per Bastet, on Boubastic Nile branch | Tell Basta, near Zagazig |
3898 | Panephysis, Mendesion Keras? on the Mendesian Nile branch | el-Manzala |
3899 | Phernouphis, archaic Ro-Nefer | Barnufa, near Tell Tebillah |
3900 | Mendes, archaic Per-banebdjedet, Djedet, archaic ‘npt, Anpet, on the Mendesian Nile branch | Tell el-Ruba |
3901 | Thmouis, on the Mendesian Nile branch | Tell Timaï |
3902 | Leontopolis North, archaic Taremu, near Sebennytic Nile branch | Tell el-Moqdam |
3903 | Tamiathis, on Bousiric Nile branch | Damietta, Dumiat |
3903.1 | Kom el-Dahab | |
3903.2 | Diospolis Inferior, Pollamonis? archaic Paiuenamon, Sma Behdet | Tell el-Balamun |
3903.3 | Hermopolis | Tell el-Naqus, Baklia, Mansourah |
3904 | Paralios, Paralus, Paralia, on Paralios Limne, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Near Baltim, on Lake Burullus |
3904.1 | Isiospolis, Iscopolis, Istopolis, Isieion, archaic Per Hebite | Behbeit el-Hagar |
3905 | Sebennytos, archaic Tjebnetjer, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Samanud |
3906 | Bousiris, Kynopolis, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Abusir |
3907 | Natho, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Sahgrat el-Kubra |
3907.1 | Mesedet | Tell Mostai, Tell Umm Harb |
3908 | Athribis, archaic Hut-heri-ib, related to Kemwer, Kemour, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Tell el-Atrib, near Benha |
3908.1 | Pachnemounis | Kom el-Khanziri |
3909 | Bouto, Buto, archaic Dep & Pe, Per-wadjet | Tell Fara’un, near Ibtu |
3909.1 | Roman fort at Kom el-Gir | |
3909.2 | Cabasa, Kabasa, on Thermouthiac Nile branch | Shabas el-Shuhada |
3910 | Xoïs | Sakha, Djeqapir |
3911 | Saïs, archaic Sau, Sin, on Thermouthiac Nile branch | Sa el-Hagar |
3912 | Tawa, Taua, Taya | Tantah |
3913 | Onouphis Ano | Mahallat Manuf, Menuf |
3914 | Bolbitine, Perseos Skope & Milesian Wall? on Bolbitine Nile branch | Tell Abu Mandour, Kom el-Farah, Burj Rashid, Rosetta |
3915 | Kanope insula | Nelson’s island, Dissouky island, near Aboukir, Abu Qir |
3915.1 | Thonis is the Egyptian name of Heracleion | Submerged city in the bay of Abu Qir |
3915.2 | Heracleion is the Greek name of Thonis | Submerged city in the bay of Abu Qir |
3915.3 | Famous Serapeion | East Canopus, submerged temple in the bay of Abu Qir |
3915.4 | Menouthis? | Submerged city in the bay of Abu Qir |
3915.5 | Canopos, Canopus, Canobus, Kanobos, archaic Pikuat | Abou Kir promontory, with silted-up fish tank |
3915.6 | Canopos, Canopus, Canobus, Kanobos, archaic Pikuat | Near Tabyet al-Taufiqiya, Toufiqiyeh, Tewfikieh, with 4 fish tanks on the coastline |
3916 | Schedia, Chaireon, Chersaion, on Alexandria canal, Menelas canal & Canopic Nile branch | Kom el-Giza, al Karyun, Karioun |
3916.1 | Kom Difshu | |
3916.2 | Metelis? on Kanopike Limne, near Canopic Nile branch | Tell Bisintawy, tell el-Nigili, on former Lake Edku, Idku |
3917 | Hermopolis Mikra, Dimin-Herou, on Canopic Nile branch | Damanhur |
3917.1 | Hierakonpolis, Hieraconpolis, on Canopic Nile branch | Nekhen, near Damanhur |
3918 | Naukratis, Naucratis, Pi-emroye, Per-Meryt, on Canopic Nile branch | Kom Gajef, Kom el-Gaïef |
3918.1 | Momemphis, archaic Imaw | Kom el-Hisn |
3919 | Terenouthis | Tell Abou Billo |
3919.1 | Nikiou | Zawiyet Razin, Kom Manous |
3920 | Prosopitis insula | unlocated, possibly near Al Qanatir Al Khayriyyah |
3920.1 | Letopolis, Letus, archaic Khem | Ausim |
3921 | Kerkasoros, Kerkesura, Cercasorum | Cairo, Imbaba, Embabeh |
3921.1 | Babylon, Stratonicidi, Kheraha | Cairo, at Hanging Church |
3922 | She Akhet Khufu, Port of King Khufu, Cheops | Giza, Gizeh, Heit el-Ghurab, Zaghloul Street |
3922.1 | She Khufu, Rosetjau, Port of King Khafre, Khefren | Giza, Gizeh, in front of the Sphinx temple |
3923 | Maadi, on wadi Degla | |
3924 | Ro-Aou Mehi, Royu, Troyu, Troikon Oros | Quarry at Tura, Tora, Tourah North |
3925 | Ro-Aou Resi | Quarry at Tura, Tora, Tourah South |
3926 | Memphis, archaic Inebu-hedj, Aneb-Hedj or White-walls, Djed-Sut, Ankh-Tawy, Men-nefer, Menfe, Noph | Kom Tuman |
3927 | Peru-nefer, port of Memphis, Tyrian camp | Mit Rahina, Kom el-Qala |
3927.1 | Port of King Sneferu, Snefrou | |
3928 | Per-Irer, Perire, famous battle against Sea Peoples won by Merneptah in 1208 BC | Somewhere in the Wadi El Natrun area |
3928.1 | Psenemphaia, Theroge, south end of ancient Mareotis lake | Kom el-Truga SE of Alexandria |
3928.2 | Tell al-Abqain | |
3929 | Quarry & fish tank at Montazah island | |
3930 | Taposiris Mikra, Chersonesus Parva | El-Mandara, south of Montazah prom. |
3931 | Gezireh Gabr el-Khour, Miami island, in front of Bir Masaoud Prom. at Sidi Bishr | |
3932 | Iuliopolis, Nikopolis, Parembole? | Sidi Gabir, Gaber, Sporting |
3932.1 | Ibrahimieh 4, Ibrahimyah, large quarry | |
3932.2 | Ibrahimieh 3, Ibrahimyah, anchorage area | |
3933 | Rhacotis, Rhacotes, Rakhotis, Egyptian Rahete | Alexandria |
3934 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus and its Pharos, home port of Classis Alexandrina fleet | Alexandria, also called « Le Phare », The Pharos, includes several now submerged ports, it also includes a drydock (acc. to Athenaeus) |
3934.1 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus | Royal port near Palace |
3934.2 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus | Naval base |
3934.3 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus, Port of the Emporion, Neapolis? | Commercial port |
3934.4 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus, Antirhodos royal port | Antirhodos royal port incl. a pre-Hellenistic jetty (Rhacotis??) |
3934.5 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus, Port of the Caesarium | Commercial port |
3934.6 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus, Navalia | western ports and shipyards |
3934.7 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus, Roman port | North-west port, near Qait Bey fortress |
3935 | Alexandria, archaic port of the isle of Pharos | Ras el-Teen, Ras el-Tin, before the heptastadion was built, this was an island quite similar to Tyre, many submerged structures are described by Jondet |
3936 | Eunostos | Dekhela, Dikheila: Alexandria West |
3937 | Kibotos, connected to Mareoticus lake by a canal | Harbour basin inside the Port of Eunostos, Strabo, 17, 1 mentions a closable dug basin |
3938 | Portus Mareoticus, Mareotis, connected to Kibotos and to Schedia by canals | Mariout lake-port |
3938.1 | Mariout lake-port connected to sea by el-Mexx canal | |
3939 | Chersonesos Mikra, Bendideum, Bendis, Bendidee? | Cape Agami, el-Marabit, with large breakwater 230 m offshore of the modern one |
3940 | Small port discovered in 1909 | 2 km SSE of cape Agami, north of ancient quarries at el-Mexx, al-Max, near Dikheila |
3941 | Myrmex? Didymos insulae? Dusmai, Dysmaï? | Geziret Kunaiyisa & former Geziret el-Marabit now connected to mainland, where Stadiasmus mentions a “harbour for ships smaller than 7000 [artaba]” |
3941.1 | On western Lake Mareotis | Ancient quarry |
3942 | Marea, Mareia, Philoxenite, on western Lake Mareotis | Qaryat Shakush, near Huwariya, with ancient lighthouse |
3943 | Nikiou Kome, on western Lake Mareotis | “Box-shaped harbour”? |
3943.1 | On western Lake Mareotis | Ancient settlement |
3944 | Plinthinos, Plinthine, on western Lake Mareotis | Kom el-Nogous, near Burg el-Arab, Hellenistic canal-port probably located east of Taposiris’ east jetty |
3945 | Taposiris Megale, Taposiris Magna, Posirion, east jetty on western Lake Mareotis | Abusir, near Burg el-Arab, Roman canal-port located between east jetty near Plinthine and ancient west bridge over canal |
3945.1 | Taposiris Megale, Taposiris Magna, west bridge on western Lake Mareotis | Abusir, near Burg el-Arab, Roman canal-port located between east jetty near Plinthine and ancient west bridge over canal |
3945.2 | On western Lake Mareotis | Roman villa at Borg el-Arab |
3946 | Cheimo, Chi Kome, Kynos, Cynossema | el-Kimo, about 30 km east of el-Alamein |
3947 | Glaucum, Glaukos | el-Imayid, about 15 km east of el-Alamein |
3948 | Leucaspis, Antiphrai, Antipharis | Marina el-Alamein |
3949 | Derris, Derras, Derrhon | Dresieh, Drasia, at northern end of Marina el-Alamein |
3950 | Komaron, Comaru | Ras Gibeisa, at Sidi Abd el-Rahman |
3951 | Zephyrium Prom. | near Ras el-Daba |
3952 | Pedonia, Pezone, behind Myrmex insulae, Sidonia insula | Mersa Abu Samra, behind Sambra Reef |
3953 | Trakhea, Tracheia Prom. | Abou Jerab near Galaj |
3954 | Pnigeus Akroterion, Pnigeo Prom. | Ras al-Gharqan, Ras Gregrien, Caesar Beach |
3955 | Phoenicus, Phoinikous, Phoenicunte, Katabathmos Micra? Catabathmus Minor? | Geziret al-Khunfus, el-Homfis reefs, near Abu Haggag |
3956 | Hermaeis, Ermea Prom. | near Ras el-Kanayis |
3957 | Leuce, Leuke Akte | Ras el-Kanayis, Ras Kanaïs, Ras el-Hekma |
3957.1 | Leuce, Leuke Akte, commercial port | Ras el-Kanayis, Ras Kanaïs, Ras el-Hekma |
3958 | Zygris, Zygis | Marsa Bagush, Baqqush, near Disney Beach |
3959 | Laodanuntium, Ladamantia | Ras Abu Hashafa, near Geziret Bakshuba, El Abd Resort Sidi Heneish |
3960 | Kalamaios, Kallias Prom., Calamaeo | Ras Hawala, Almaza Beach Resort |
3961 | Graias Gony, Graeasgoni seu Vetulae portus | Marsa Berek, Kom Nadoura |
3962 | Paretonius, Paraetonium, Ammonia, Amunia, west of Artos Akra, Pythis Prom., in the land of the Tehenu people | Marsa Matrouh, Matruh, Bates’ island, Geziret el-Yehudiyeh, west of Ras Allem Rum, Alam el-Rum |
3963 | Delphinai & Zephyris insulae | Umm el-Rakham reefs, 15 km west of Marsa Matrouh |
3964 | Apis, Nautis | major Ramses II fortress, at Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham |
3965 | Ainesippa insulae, Nesoi, Ampelos? Near Drepanum Prom. | islets near Ras Abu Laho, Ras Bulaou |
3966 | Linydai, Linuda, Linus, Selinous, Selenis, Selenide | Marsa el-Asi, Aasi |
3967 | Azy, Zagilis Kome, Zagilis | Marsa Angella |
3968 | Tyndareioi skopeloi, Dareiou, Darieos, Tauris islets | Geziret Ishailah islet and reefs |
3969 | Chautaeon, Chettaia | Ras Gargub, Marsa Jarjub |
3970 | Zygrai, Zygris Kome? | Marsa Hasy Ibrahim? near Zawyet Shammas |
3971 | Ainesisphyra, Aenesiphyra, Ennesyphora, Nisisphyra, Nesus | Ras el-Seyada? |
3972 | Katabathmos Megas, Catabathmus Maior, Plunos, Plynos, Plynus, Tetrapyrgia (fort), Panorme? | Sallum, Sailloune, Solloum |
3973 | Panorme | This name would fit the large shelter at Sallum? |
3974 | Ficu, Syke | Marsa Ramlah? |
3975 | Eureia | Marsa Murayghah? |
3976 | Petras Megale, Petreuon, Petrante | Bardia |
3977 | Kardamis, Ardanis Prom., Ardanaxes | Marsa al-Muraysah, el-Mreisa, el-Mihr, el-Malh |
3978 | Menelaos Limen, Menelaüs, Menelas | Ras el-Awrah? |
3979 | Kataionion Prom., Katanis, Catanis, Cateneai | Ras Wannah, Uenna |
3980 | Marsa Gabes, Marsa Sahl | |
3981 | Scythranios Limen, Kyrthanion, Pyrthmanion | Marsa el-Afarid, Bu al-Ilfrit, about 30 km east of Tobrouk: sandy creeks |
3982 | el-Gara, al-Qa’arah | |
3983 | Antipyrgos Limen | Tobrouk |
3984 | Miceris | near Zawiyat al-Murassas |
3985 | Petras Parna, Petrante Parvo, Petras Minor, Mikros Petreuon, Small port of Petrante | Marsa Tarfaia, near Ain al-Ulaymah |
3986 | Allem Dauhr | |
3987 | Batrachus | Wadi ed Sedd |
3988 | Stadaia, Aedonia, Sidonia insula | Geziret el-Marakeb, al-Ulbah, Seal island |
3989 | Paliouros, Paliuris, Paniuros, Palinurus | At Tamimi |
3990 | Platea insula, Platee | island now connected to the continent, south of Bombah |
3991 | Phthia Limen, Phaia | Bay of Bombah |
3992 | Dionysos | near Zawiyat Umm Hufayn |
3993 | Chersonesos Megala, Cherronesos Prom., Antichides-Chersonese | Ras et-Tin, Atteen |
3994 | Aziris, Nazaris, Azarion, Azari, Azilis Kome, Azirides, archaic Auza? with R Potamos Megas | Marsa el-Chalig at outlet of wadi al-Khaleej, other possible location: Marsa al-Chabda at outlet of wadi Hamsa |
3995 | Darnis, Dardanis, Zarine? | Derna |
3995.1 | Aleut Berruman, at outlet of wadi bu Msafer, possible Bronze Age anchorage? | |
3996 | Zephyrion Prom. | Ras Bu Meddad, Emilia resort, 8 km west of Derna |
3997 | Chersis, Xherson, Aphrodisias insula, Lea Veneris? | Geziret Kirissah, el-Kerchi, Kersa, Chersa islets 15 km NW of Derna |
3998 | Erythron, Erythre | Wadi al-Athrun, el-Atrun, Latrun |
3999 | Naustathamos Limen, Naustathmum | Ras al-Hilal, Ahlal, “old Roman jetty” mentioned on Br. Adm. Chart 3355 (1960) |
4000 | Apollonia, Sozousa, port of Cyrene, part of Pentapolis, Kyrene, naval base | Susah, Soussa |
4000.1 | Apollonia, Sozousa, port of Cyrene, Kyrene, part of Pentapolis, commercial harbour | Susah, Soussa, with ancient lighthouse |
4001 | Martin’s island | |
4001.1 | Brak Nota | |
4001.2 | Phykous Akron, Phycus Prom. | Ras Aamer, on wadi el-Mamloh, Mamluah, with fish processing factory |
4002 | Phykous, Phycus, Phycunte, Phoinikous | El-Hamamah, with many fish ponds and where submerged remains have been reported |
4003 | Aptouchou Hieron, Aptoucha | al-Haniya, Hanieh, with 2 canals on the western rocks, and fish processing factory on the eastern islet |
4004 | Roman villa at Gasr el-Hammam | |
4005 | Nausida, Nausis, Ausigda Zenerdis? | Gasr Disa, near outlet of wadi el-Cuf, Kahuff, Giargiarummah |
4006 | Kainopolis, Cenopolis | Maatin el-Agla, Maaten al-Uqla, el-Ougla |
4007 | Ptolemais, port of Barke, Barca, part of Pentapolis | Tolmeita, Tulmaythah, port of al-Marj, near wadi Omran |
4007.1 | Ptolemais, port of Barke, Barca, archaic landing place | Tolmeita, Tulmaythah, port of al-Marj |
4008 | Roman villa | |
4009 | Roman villa at el-Bent | |
4010 | Teucheira, Tauchira, Arsinoe, part of Pentapolis | Taukra, Tocra |
4011 | Roman villa | |
4012 | Bersis | |
4013 | Tansoluch | |
4014 | Hadrianopolis, Kaukalou Kome? | Daryanah, Driana |
4015 | R Lathon, Leton? | Ain Zeina, near Kuwayfiyah |
4016 | Argoos, Arghous, near Tritonis Palus, Lake Triton, near Berenike | Arghous, near Benghazi |
4017 | Euesperides, Hesperidae, Hesperides, on R Encheleios, Ecceios | west of Maqbarah Sayidi Abid, Jabbanat Sidi Ubayd cemetery, Benghazi |
4017.1 | Berenike, Berenice, part of Pentapolis, near Brachea Prom.? | Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi, on wadi Qattara |
4018 | Rhinia, Rhinon | ? 10-15 km SW of Benghazi |
4019 | Pithos | ? 10-15 km SW of Benghazi |
4020 | Theotimaion | ? 10-15 km SW of Benghazi |
4021 | Halis, Halai (saltpans) | ? 10-15 km SW of Benghazi |
4022 | Boreion, Boreum Prom. | Ras Teyonas, Taiunes, Tawinis, 20 km SW of Benghazi |
4022.1 | Gasr el-Arid, 22 km SW of Benghazi | |
4023 | Cherse, Chersis, Diachersis | Sidi Bu Fachra, Fakhirah, near Qaryat Abu Al Ahnash |
4024 | Serapeion, Sarbioun | Gasr Mushayli, Msceili, Schmeili |
4025 | Amastoros | Bu Sceriba? |
4026 | Heracleion Prom., Herakleioi Thines, Herakleous Pyrgos | Ras Kurkurah, Carcura |
4027 | Drepanon | Carcura bay |
4028 | Diarhoas, Diarroia Limen, Apis | Shelter provided by offshore Elfie rock and islets, near Sultan |
4029 | Roman villa at Gasr en Nfeil | |
4030 | Attici Phenica | at Zuetina, Zuwetina? |
4031 | Kainos, Cainon, Caeno | Zuetina, Zuwetina |
4032 | Euschoinos | modern oil terminal at Ajdabiya |
4033 | Hyphaloi insula | Tre Scogli in front of modern oil terminal at Ajdabiya |
4034 | Scopelo, Skopelites, Mysinos insula | Scoglio Gemmarish? |
4035 | Maea, Maia, Gaia insula | Isola Hebri, Gharah island? |
4036 | Pontia insula | Hericha reef? |
4037 | Astrochonda, Astrochona | 30 km NE of New Brega? |
4038 | Tincausari | Mahariqa island? |
4039 | Corcodeilos, Krokodeilos, Crocodilo | 11 km NE of New Brega? |
4040 | Boreion, Boreum, Borio, Drepanon Prom.? | Bu Grada, near New Brega |
4041 | Antidrepano Prom. | Ras el-Magdar |
4042 | Mendrios | Brega east |
4043 | Kozynthion | Marsa Brega, with Roman villa at Gasr el-Brega |
4044 | Tiniodiri | about 10 km SW of Brega |
4045 | Ammoniou Pegai, Ammonii fontibus | near Qariat Bashir? |
4046 | Automalax, Automalakes, Euteletos? | Ras Bu Sceefa |
4047 | Anabucis, Abucis praesidium | Roman fortlet |
4048 | Arae Philaenorum Prom., Philainon Bomoi, Philainos Kome, Autel des Philenes, Banadedari | Ras al-A’ali, border between Cyrenaica and Africa, near fort of Bir Umm el-Garanigh |
4049 | Tugulus | about 11 km NW of the Ras Lanuf oil terminal |
4050 | Turris and Taberna | As Sidr |
4051 | Hippou, Philippou Prom. | Ras el-Ihudia, Yahudiyah? |
4052 | Zakazama Kome, Zagazama | outlet of wadi Bin Jawad |
4053 | Aubereo, Ad Capsum Ultimum | Sidi Beheri, about 20 km west of Bin Jawad |
4054 | Ad Palmam | near Marsa al-Uwayja |
4055 | Tramaricio | Bir Bu Saada? |
4056 | Aulazon | Bir Usaylah, Red Valley |
4057 | Eperos, Esperis, Oisporis Kome | Bir en-Naim? near the remains of Mintaqat Wadi Harawah |
4058 | Charax, Korax, Coarce, Pharax Kome, Iscina | Medina Sultan |
4059 | Ad Speluncas | about 10 km west of Sultan |
4060 | Zure | about 20 km east of Syrte |
4061 | Several Roman villas near Jabiat Escout | |
4062 | Pyrgos Euphranta, La Tour d’Euphrantas, Euphrantas’ Tower, Macomades Selorum | Syrte, Sirte, Marsa Zaafran |
4063 | Putea Nigrorum | Several Roman villas near Qbeba |
4064 | Dysopo, Astiagi, Stixgi | Bir Bu Giarada, Bir al-Utaylah |
4065 | Praetorium? | Several Roman villas about 60 km west of Syrte |
4066 | Aspis, Aspide, Ad Ficum | Bwayrat al-Hasun, al-Hossuon, about 80 km west of Syrte |
4067 | Tarichaiai, Tarichiis | Bu Retma? east of Misrata |
4068 | Makomala, Macomaca, Kaloumakouma | el-Melfa, al-Malfa, east of Misrata |
4069 | Kephalai, Cephalis Prom., Trieron Prom? Thubactis, Tubactis | Misrata, Misurata |
4070 | Marsa Gezirah near Misrata | |
4071 | Simnana | about 10 km west of Misrata |
4072 | Nivirgi Tabernae | about 30 km west of Misrata |
4073 | Sugolin, Seggera | Roman villa at Dar Buok Amaira, Zliten |
4074 | Kinyps, on R Cinyps | Marsa at Tabiya, outlet of wadi Khaane, Kaam, Oukirre |
4075 | Roman villa, east of power plant | |
4076 | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna, Lepcitani Septimiani, Hermaios, Hermaeum Prom.? | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna, with ancient lighthouse, on wadi Lebda |
4077 | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna | not “Magna” anymore |
4078 | Neapolis, Leptis, archaic Lpqy | not yet “Magna” |
4079 | Hermaios, Hermaeum Prom.?archaic Auza? | Roman villa at Homs |
4080 | Ad Palmam | Villa Sileen, Silini, Celine, and many other Roman villas on the coast north of Homs |
4081 | Gaphara Limen, Graphara, Taphra, Aphora, Neospora | Ras al-Hallab |
4082 | Amaraias, on R Oinoladon | 10 km west of Gaphara, with wadi outlet |
4083 | Megerthis, Megradi villa Aniciorum | 20 km west of Gaphara |
4084 | Several Roman villas near Kassala | |
4085 | Oea, Eoa, Makar Oeat, Makaraia | Tripoli |
4086 | Roman villa at Gargaresc | |
4087 | Assaria | al-Mayah near As Zaouiyah |
4088 | Sabratha, Sabratta, Sarathra, Abrotonon, Abrotone, Alathres | Marsa Sabratah, central promontory |
4089 | Sabratha | Sabratah, reef with settlement |
4090 | Sabratha | Sabratah, submerged breakwater |
4091 | Sabratha | Sabratah, quay |
4092 | Ad Ammonem | Mellita, near oil terminal |
4093 | Locris, Locroi | Zuwarah? |
4094 | Casas | Zuara |
4095 | Gypasaria Taberna | near the airport of Zuwarah |
4096 | Pisindon, Pisida | Abu Kammash, 25 km from Tunisia |