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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
3866 | Bethaphou, Boutaphion, near Bitylion, Bittylios, Bytl, Betilium, Ienysos? | Tell Temilat & Tell el-Sheikh, & Tell Abu Salima, near Sheikh Zuweid |
3867 | Rinokoloura, Rhinocolura, Ariza? Phakidia & Laura located in this area? | el-Arish |
3868 | Ostrakine, Ostracena, near Serbonitis Limen, Sirbonis Limen | Isle of el-Felusiyat on Lake el-Bardawil |
3869 | Kasion, Casius Mons | Ras Qasrun, Khatib el-Qals, el-Qels |
3869.1 | Pentaschoinon, Pentascino | on the road between Gerra and Kasion |
3869.2 | Aphnaion, Aphthites? Aphthaia? | unlocated between Gerra and Pentaschoinon |
3870 | Gerra, Geros, Geras, Skenai also located in this area | Tell Mahmudiyeh, Mahammediya, near Pelusion |
3870.1 | Chabriou Charax, Chabrias, Castra Alexandri also located in this area | on the road between Pelusion and Gerra |
3871 | R Nile, R Aegyptus, navigable between Lake Mareotis and the first cataract (Elephantine island near Assouan) with many ports, among which Coptos (Qift) which was the connection to/from the Red Sea. | The Nile Delta contains hundreds of archaeological sites on “tells” and “koms” which have been listed elsewhere (see http://deltasurvey.ees.ac.uk/dsintro.html). We mention here the most important sites which are located on the main branches of the Nile and may have offered harbour facilities accessible to sea-ships. |
3872 | Pelusion, Pelusium, Peluse, Sena, Seyan, Saien, Sin, Per-Amun, Paramoun, Peleos? Ptolemais & Lychnos & Thylax also in this area? | Tell el-Farama |
3873 | Magdolos, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell el-Herr, el-Heir |
3874 | archaic Migdol, on Pelusiac Nile branch, Rameses III’s famous Nile Delta Battle (1178 BC) possibly in this area | Tell Kedua, Kedwa |
3875 | Tell el-Louly | |
3876 | Tell el-Ghaba | |
3877 | archaic Tjaru, Tcharou, Zaru, Tharu, on Pelusiac Nile branch, starting point of the “Ways of Horus” to Gaza | Tell Heboua (I), Habua, Habwa, with more sites within 2 km SE |
3878 | Sile, Silu, Sele, nea-Tcharou, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Abu Seifa, Abou Seify, near Qantara |
3879 | Daphnae, Daphnes de Peluse, Tahpanhes, on Pelusiac Nile branch, Startopeda in this area? | Tell Defenneh, Defenna, Tahpanhes |
3880 | Herakleopolis Mikra, Heracleus, Sethroe | Tell Belim |
3881 | Hephaistos, Efestus | Sanhur |
3882 | Minshat Abu Omar | |
3883 | Imet, Senou? on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Nebesha, Farun |
3884 | Tell Ibrahim Awad | |
3885 | Pi-Ramesses, Pi-Ramses, Piramesse, with port near main palace, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Qantir, port is North of village, famous stables are South |
3886 | Avaris, Hutwaret, Rowaty, archaic capital city of the Hyksos ; renamed Peru-nefer as from 1550 BC and hosting the naval base of Thoutmosis III and Amenhotep II, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell el-Dab’a |
3887 | Phakoussai, Phakoussa, Phacussa, Phaguse, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Faqus? |
3888 | Bekhnu? Dekyt? | Tukh el-Qaramus |
3889 | Isieion? on Pelusiac Nile branch | Tell Mufta |
3890 | Pi Sopdu, Per Soped, Saphthis, on Pelusiac Nile branch | Saft el-Henneh, Hinna |
3891 | Pithom archaic settlement on the Canal of Necho II, Darius I and Ptolemy II | Tell el-Retabeh, Retabah, on Wadi Tumilat, near Ismailia Canal |
3892 | Pithom, Patoumos, Heroonpolis, Heropolis, City of Heroes, archaic Tjekou, Per Atoum | Tell el-Mashkuta, on wadi Tumilat, near Ismailia Canal |
3893 | Leontopolis South, on Boubastic Nile branch | Tell el-Yahudiya |
3893.1 | Helioupolis, Helius, Solis, Berenikes Hormos? | Matariya (North Cairo), Heliopolis |
3894 | Thennesos, on Tanitic Nile branch | Tell Tinnis |
3895 | Tanis, Djanet, archaic D’nt, Sa’nu, Biblic Tsoan, Zoan, port of Pi-Rameses, on the Tanitic Nile branch | Tell San el-Hagar |
3896 | Pharbaitos, Pharbaethos, Sheten, Setennu, on Tanitic Nile branch | Horbeit |
3897 | Boubastis, Bubastis, archaic Pi Ubaste, Pi-Beset, Per Bastet, on Boubastic Nile branch | Tell Basta, near Zagazig |
3898 | Panephysis, on the Mendesian Nile branch | el-Manzala |
3899 | Phernouphis, archaic Ro-Nefer | Barnufa, near Tell Tebillah |
3900 | Mendes, archaic Per-banebdjedet, Djedet, archaic ‘npt, Anpet, on the Mendesian Nile branch | Tell el-Ruba |
3901 | Thmouis, on the Mendesian Nile branch | Tell Timaï |
3902 | Leontopolis North, archaic Taremu, near Sebennytic Nile branch | Tell el-Moqdam |
3903 | Tamiathis, on Bousiric Nile branch | Damietta, Dumiat |
3903.1 | Kom el-Dahab | |
3903.2 | Diospolis Inferior, Pollamonis? archaic Paiuenamon, Sma Behdet | Tell el-Balamun |
3903.3 | Isiospolis, Iscopolis, Istopolis, Isieion, archaic Per Hebite | Behbeit el-Hagar |
3904 | Paralios, Paralus, Paralia, on Paralios Limne, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Near Baltim, on Lake Burullus |
3905 | Sebennytos, archaic Tjebnetjer, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Samanud |
3906 | Bousiris, Kynopolis, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Abusir |
3907 | Natho, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Sahgrat el-Kubra |
3907.1 | Mesedet | Tell Mostai, Tell Umm Harb |
3908 | Athribis, archaic Kemouer, Kemwer, Hout-hery-ib, on Sebennytic Nile branch | Tell el-Atrib, near Benha |
3908.1 | Pachnemounis | Kom el-Khanziri |
3909 | Bouto, Buto, archaic Dep & Pe, Per-wadjet | Tell Fara’un, near Ibtu |
3909.1 | Roman fort at Kom el-Gir | |
3909.2 | Cabasa, Kabasa, on Thermouthiac Nile branch | Shabas el-Shuhada |
3910 | Xoïs | Sakha, Djeqapir |
3911 | Saïs, archaic Sau, Sin, on Thermouthiac Nile branch | Sa el-Hagar |
3912 | Tawa, Taua, Taya | Tantah |
3913 | Onouphis Ano | Mahallat Manuf, Menuf |
3914 | Bolbitine, Perseos Skope & Milesian Wall? on Bolbitine Nile branch | Tell Abu Mandour, Kom el-Farah, Burj Rashid, Rosetta |
3915 | Menouthis | submerged city in the bay of Aboukir |
3915.1 | Heracleion | submerged city in the bay of Aboukir |
3915.2 | Thonis | submerged city in the bay of Aboukir |
3916 | Schedia, on Alexandria canal & Canopic Nile branch, Menelaites? Menelais? | Kom el-Giza, al Karyun, Karioun |
3916.1 | Metelis? on Kanopike Limne, near Canopic Nile branch | Tell Bisintawy, tell el-Nigili, on former Lake Edku, Idku |
3917 | Hermopolis Mikra, Dimin-Herou, on Canopic Nile branch | near Damanhur |
3917.1 | Hierakonpolis, Hieraconpolis, on Canopic Nile branch | near Damanhur |
3918 | Naukratis, Naucratis, Pi-emroye, Per-Meryt, on Canopic Nile branch | Kom Gajef, Kom el-Gaïef |
3918.1 | Momemphis, archaic Imaw | Kom el-Hisn |
3919 | Terenouthis | Tell Abou Billo |
3919.1 | Nikiou | Zawiyet Razin, Kom Manous |
3920 | Prosopitis insula | unlocated, possibly near Al Qanatir Al Khayriyyah |
3920.1 | Letopolis, Letus, archaic Khem | Ausim |
3921 | Babylon, Stratonicidi, Kheraha | Cairo, at Hanging Church |
3922 | Rosetjau, Port of King Khafre, Khefren | Giza, Gizeh, in front of the Sphinx temple |
3923 | Maadi, on wadi Degla | |
3924 | Royu, Troyu, Troikon Oros | Quarry at Tura, Tora, Tourah North |
3925 | Quarry at Tura, Tora, Tourah South | |
3926 | Memphis, with port called Peru-nefer, archaic Inebu-hedj, Aneb-Hedj or White-walls, Djed-Sut, Ankh-Tawy, Men-nefer, Menfe, Noph, Tyrian camp | Kom Tuman |
3927 | Memphis, with port called Peru-nefer, archaic Inebu-hedj, Aneb-Hedj or White-walls, Djed-Sut, Ankh-Tawy, Men-nefer, Menfe, Noph, Tyrian camp | Mit Rahina, Kom el-Qala |
3928 | Per-Irer, Perire, famous battle against Sea Peoples won by Merneptah in 1208 BC | Somewhere in the Wadi El Natrun area |
3929 | Psenemphaia, Theroge, South end of ancient Mareotis lake | Kom el-Truga SE of Alexandria |
3930 | Pikuat, Canopus | Abu Qir |
3931 | Taposiris Mikra | El-Mandara, south of Montazah prom. |
3931.1 | Roman villa on Gezireh Gabr el-Khour, Miami island, in front of Sidi Bishr prom. | |
3932 | Iuliopolis, Nikopolis, Parembole? | Sidi Gabir, Gaber, Sporting |
3932.1 | Ibrahimieh, Ibrahimyah, quarry and anchorage area | |
3933 | Rhacotis, Rhacotes, Rakhotis | Alexandria |
3934 | Alexandria, Megas Limen, Portus Magnus and its Pharos, home port of Classis Alexandrina fleet | Alexandria, also called « Le Phare », The Pharos, includes 3 now submerged ports: near Palace (7 ha), near Antirhodos (16 ha), and inbetween (13 ha), it also includes a drydock (acc. to Athenaeus) |
3935 | archaic port of the isle of Pharos | Ras el-Teen, Ras el-Tin, before the heptastadion was built, this was an island quite similar to Tyre, many submerged structures are described by Jondet |
3936 | Eunostos | Dekhela, Dikheila: Alexandria West |
3937 | Kibotos | port located inside the Port of Eunostos |
3938 | Portus Mareoticus, Mareotis | lake port connected to Kibotos by a canal |
3938.1 | Portus Mareoticus, Mareotis | lake port connected to sea by a canal |
3939 | Chersonesos, Bendideum, Bendis, Bendidee? | Cape Agami? with large breakwater 230 m offshore of the modern one |
3940 | Small port discovered in 1909, Dusmai? | 2 km SSE of cape Agami, north of ancient quarries at el-Mexx, al-Max, near Dikheila ; Stadiasmus mentions a “harbour for 1000 ships” which could be located here |
3941 | Myrmex? Didymos insulae? | islet in front of Abu Talat? |
3942 | Philoxenite, port on Lake Mareotis, Mareia, Marea | Qaryat Shakush, near Huwariya, with ancient lighthouse |
3943 | Nikiou Kome? | “Box-shaped harbour” |
3944 | Plinthinos, Plinthine, East jetty | near Burg el-Arab |
3945 | Taposiris Megale, Taposiris Magna and its ancient tower | Abusir, near Burg el-Arab |
3946 | Kynos, Cheimo, Chio Kome | el-Bordan, about 30 km East of el-Alamein |
3947 | Glaucum, Glaukos | el-Imayid, about 15 km East of el-Alamein |
3948 | Leucaspis, Cynossema, Antipharis, Antiphrai | el-Alamein |
3949 | Derris, Derras, Derrhon | Ras Gibeisa |
3950 | Comaru | near Sidi Abd el-Rahman |
3951 | Zephyrium Prom. | near Ras el-Daba |
3952 | Pedonia, Pezone, behind Myrmex insulae, Sidonia insula? | Mersa Abu Samra, behind Sambra Reef |
3953 | Trakhea, Tracheia | Abou Jerab near Galaj |
3954 | Pnigeus Akroterion, Pnigeo | Ras al-Gharqan, Ras Gregrien, Caesar Beach |
3955 | Phoenicus, Phoenicunte | South of Ras el-Kanayis |
3956 | Hermaeis, Ermea | near Ras el-Kanayis |
3957 | Leuce, Leuke Akte | Ras el-Kanayis, Ras Kanaïs |
3957.1 | Leuce, Leuke Akte, commercial port | Ras el-Kanayis, Ras Kanaïs |
3958 | Zygris | Marsa Bagush, Baqqush, near Disney Beach |
3959 | Laodanuntium, Ladamantia | Marsa Mahadda, near Sidi Haneish |
3960 | Kallias, Kalamaion, Calamaeo | near Almaza Beach Resort |
3961 | Graeas Gony, Graeasgoni seu Vetulae portus | near Garawla |
3962 | Paretonius, Paraetonium, Ammonia | Marsa Matrouh, Matruh, Bates’ island, Geziret el-Yehudiyeh |
3963 | Delphines & Zephyrium insulae | islets in front of Obayed beach, 15 km West of Marsa Matrouh |
3964 | Apis | near Zawyet Umm el-Rakham |
3965 | Ainesippa insulae, Nesis, Nesoi, Natem, Ampelos? Near Drepanum Prom. | Ras Bulaou |
3966 | Selinous, Selenis, Selenide, Linuda | near Azy |
3967 | Azy, Zagilis Kome | Marsa Aasi |
3968 | Tyndarios, Tauris islets, Darieos | Ishailah rocks |
3969 | Chautaeo, Chettaia | Marsa Gargub |
3970 | Zygis, Zygri, Zygrae | near Sheikh el-Bisri |
3971 | Ainesisphyra, Aenesiphyra, Ennesyphora, Nisisphyra, Nesus | Sidi Barrani |
3972 | Katabathmos, Catabathmus Maior, Plunos, Plynos, Plynus, Tetrapyrgia | Sallum, Sailloune, Solloum |
3973 | Ficu, Syke | sandy creek? |
3974 | Panorme | sandy creek? |
3975 | Eurea | sandy creeks? |
3976 | Petras Magna, Patarrus, Petrante | Bardia |
3977 | Ardanis Prom., Kardamis, Ardanaxes | Ras Bu Wushayyikah |
3978 | Menelaüs, Menelas | Ras el-Awrah? |
3979 | Katanis Prom., Catanis | Zawiyat Zanzur |
3980 | Marsa Gabes | |
3981 | Scythranius, Kyrthanio, Pyrthmanion | Marsa el-Afarid, about 30 km East of Tobrouk: sandy creeks |
3982 | el-Gara, al-Qa’arah | |
3983 | Antipyrgos | Tobrouk |
3984 | Miceris | near Zawiyat al-Murassas |
3985 | Petras Parna, Petrante Parvo, Petras Minor, Petras Mikros, Small port of Petrante | Marsa Tarfaia, near Ain al-Ulaymah |
3986 | Allem Dauhr | |
3987 | Batrachus | Wadi ed Sedd |
3988 | Aedonia insula | Jeziret el-Marakeb, Seal island |
3989 | Paliouros, Paliuro | At Tamimi |
3990 | Platea insula, Platee | island now connected to the continent, South of Bombah |
3991 | Phthia, Phaea | Bay of Bombah |
3992 | Dionysios | near Zawiyat Umm Hufayn |
3993 | Chersoneso, Cherronesos, Antichides-Chersonese | Ras el-Tin, Atteen |
3994 | Aziris, Azarion, Azari, archaic Auza? | Marsa al-Chabda Wadi al-Khaleej, el-Chalig |
3995 | Darnis, Zarine | Derna |
3995.1 | Aleut Berruman, at outlet of wadi bu Msafer, possible Bronze Age anchorage? | |
3996 | Zephyrion Akron | Ras Bu Meddad, 8 km West of Derna |
3997 | Chersis, Xherson, Aphrodisias insula, Lea Veneris? | el-Kerchi, Kersa, Chersa islets 15 km NW of Derna |
3998 | Erythron, Erythre | Wadi al-Athrun, el-Atrun, Latrun |
3999 | Naustathamos, Naustathmum, Odysseus’ stopover in the country of Lotophagoi, Lotus-eaters possibly in this area | Ras al-Hilal |
4000 | Apollonia, port of Cyrene, Kyrene | Susah, Soussa, with ancient lighthouse |
4001 | Sidi Aamer | |
4001.1 | El-Mamloh, with fish processing factory | |
4002 | Phykous, Phycus, Phycunte, Phoinicous | El-Hamamah, where submerged remains have been reported |
4003 | Aptouchou Hieron, Aptoucha | al-Haniya, Hanieh, with 2 canals on the western rocks, and fish processing factory on the eastern islet |
4004 | Roman villa at Gasr el-Hammam | |
4005 | Nausidos, Nausis, Ausigdis? Zenerdis? | Gasr Disa, near el-Zerbi |
4006 | Kainopolis, Cenopolis | Maatin el-Agla, Maaten al-Uqla |
4007 | Ptolemais, port of Barce, Barca | Tolmeita, port of al-Marj |
4008 | Roman villa | |
4009 | Roman villa at el-Bent | |
4010 | Teucheira, Tauchira, Arsinoe, Pentapolis | Taukra, Tocra |
4011 | Roman villa | |
4012 | Bersis | |
4013 | Tansoluch | |
4014 | Hadrianopolis, Kaukalou Kome? | Daryanah |
4015 | Ain Zeina, near Kuwayfiyah | |
4016 | Argoos, Arghous, near Tritonis Palus, Lake Triton, near Berenice | Arghous, near Benghazi |
4017 | Euesperides, Hesperidae, Hesperides | Maqbarah Sayidi Abid, Benghazi |
4017.1 | Berenice, Berenike, port of Euesperides | Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi |
4018 | Rhinis, Rhinon | ? 10 km SW of Benghazi |
4019 | Pitho | ? 12 km SW of Benghazi |
4020 | Theotimaeo | near Pitho |
4021 | Halis, Halai | ? 15 km SW of Benghazi |
4022 | Boreion, Boreum | Ras Teyonas, 20 km SW of Benghazi |
4022.1 | Gasr el-Arid, 22 km SW of Benghazi | |
4023 | Chersis | Chersa, Karsa, near Qaryat al-Barakat |
4024 | Amastoris | Bu Sceriba? |
4025 | Heracleo, Herakleioi Thines | Ras Carcura? |
4026 | Drepanon | near Heracleo |
4027 | Serapeion | South of Carcura |
4028 | Diarhoas, Diarrhoea portus | near Sultan? |
4029 | Attici Phenica, Api? | near Sultan |
4030 | Roman villa at Gasr en Nfeil | |
4031 | Kainon, Cainon, Caeno | Zuetina? |
4032 | Euschoeno | near Ajdabiya? |
4033 | Hyphali insulae, three Pontia insulae? | islands near Ajdabiya? |
4034 | Scopelo, Scopelites, Mysinos insula | reefs in front of the beach? |
4035 | three Pontia insulae? Leukai insulae? | Isle of Garah? |
4036 | Maea, Maia, Gaia insula | Isle of Ishaifa? |
4037 | Astrochonda, Astrochona | 30 km NE of New Brega |
4038 | Tincausari | |
4039 | Corcodeilos, Krokodeilos, Crocodilo | 11 km NE of New Brega |
4040 | Boreum, Borio, Boreion | Bu Grada, near New Brega |
4041 | Antidrepano Prom. | 10 km SW of New Brega |
4042 | Mendrion | Marsa al-Brega |
4043 | Cozynthion | Roman villa at Gasr el- Brega |
4044 | Tiniodiri | about 10 km SW of Brega |
4045 | Ammoniou Pegai, Ammonii fontibus | about 17 km SW of Brega |
4046 | Anabucis | near Bishr |
4047 | Automalax, Automalacis, Euteletos? | Roman fort about 10 km West of Bishr |
4048 | Arae Philaenorum Prom., Philainon Bomoi, Banadedari | border between Cyrenaica and Africa, near fort of Bir Umm el-Garanigh |
4049 | Tugulus | about 11 km NW of the Ras Lanuf oil terminal |
4050 | Turris and Taberna | As Sidr |
4051 | Hippou Akra Prom. | Ras el-Ihudia? |
4052 | Zacazama | near Bin Jawad |
4053 | Aubereo, Ad Capsum Ultimum | Sidi Beheri, about 20 km West of Bin Jawad |
4054 | Ad Palmam | near Marsa al-Uwayja |
4055 | Tramaricio | at 31° of latitude |
4056 | Aulazon | Aulazon |
4057 | Eperos, Esperis | near the remains of Mintaqat Wadi Harawah |
4058 | Charax, Corax, Coarce, Iscina | Medina Sultan |
4059 | Ad Speluncas | about 10 km West of Sultan |
4060 | Zure | about 20 km East of Syrte |
4061 | Several Roman villas near Jabiat Escout | |
4062 | La Tour d’Euphrantas, Euphrantas’ Tower, Macomades Selorum | Syrte, Sirte |
4063 | Putea Nigrorum | Several Roman villas near Qbeba |
4064 | Dysopo, Astiagi | about 30 km West of Syrte |
4065 | Praetorium? | Several Roman villas about 60 km West of Syrte |
4066 | Aspis, Aspide, Ad Ficum | Bwayrat al-Hasun, about 80 km West of Syrte |
4067 | Macomaca | Melfa |
4068 | Taricheiai, Tarichiis | ? at the East of Misrata |
4069 | Cephalai, Cephalis Prom., Thubactis, Tubactis | Misrata, Misurata |
4070 | Marsa Gezirah near Misrata | |
4071 | Simnana | about 10 km West of Misrata |
4072 | Nivirgi Tabernae | about 30 km West of Misrata |
4073 | Sugolin, Seggera | Roman villa at Zliten |
4074 | Kinyps, on R Cinyps | Wadi Caam, about 10 km West of Zliten |
4075 | Roman villa | |
4076 | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna, Lepcitani Septimiani | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna, with ancient lighthouse, on wadi Lebda |
4077 | Leptis Magna, Lepcis Magna | not “Magna” anymore |
4078 | Neapolis, Leptis, Hermaion, Hermaeum Prom | not yet “Magna” |
4079 | archaic Auza? | Roman villa at Homs |
4080 | Ad Palmam | Many Roman villas on the coast North of Homs |
4081 | Gaphara, Graphara, Taphra | Gaphara |
4082 | Amaraea | 10 km West of Gaphara |
4083 | Megerthis, Megradi | 20 km West of Gaphara |
4084 | Several Roman villas near Kassala | |
4085 | Oea, Makar Oeat, Macaraia, Amaraea | Tripoli |
4086 | Roman villa at Gargaresc | |
4087 | Assaria | al-Mayah near As Zaouiyah |
4088 | Sabratha, Sabratta, Zarathra, Abrotonon, Abrotone, Alathres | Sabratah, central promontory |
4089 | Sabratha | Sabratah, reef with settlement |
4090 | Sabratha | Sabratah, submerged breakwater |
4091 | Sabratha | Sabratah, quay |
4092 | Ad Ammonem | Mellita, near oil terminal |
4093 | Locris, Locroi | Zuwarah |
4094 | Casas | Zuara |
4095 | Gypasaria Taberna | near the airport of Zuwarah |
4096 | Pisindon, Pisida | Abu Kammash, 25 km from Tunisia |