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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
| NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
| 4097 | Taricheiai, Zouchis | El-Mdeina, near Allouet el-Gounna, with 600 m quaywall |
| 4098 | Zeuchari, Praesidium | Sidi Mohammed Chaouch, at outlet of lake el-Biban |
| 4099 | Villa Magna | Roman villa at Bou Gornine, near Ras Zarba, NE of Bin Gardane |
| 4100 | Putea Pallene | Naoura, on the South bank of R Bahar Alaoune |
| 4101 | Sidi Bou Teffaha, near Zarzis | |
| 4101.1 | Gergis, Gergin | Zarzis |
| 4102 | Ad Pontem | Bridge of Djerba |
| 4103 | Meninx, Meninge, Girba, famous for its purple dye, Odysseus’ stopover in the country of Lotophagoi, Lotus-eaters possibly in this area | el-Kantara, on the isle of Djerba |
| 4104 | Roman villa, near Souk el-Gibli | |
| 4105 | Roman villa, near Vincci Alkantara resort | |
| 4106 | Roman villa at Aghir, on the isle of Djerba | |
| 4107 | Girba? | Rhizene, near Houmt Souk, on the isle of Djerba |
| 4108 | Tipasa | near Ajim, on the isle of Djerba |
| 4109 | Roman villa NW of Guellala | |
| 4110 | Haribus | Guellala, on the isle of Djerba |
| 4111 | Gidaphta, Cidiphtha? | Ras Segala, North jetty in the gulf of Bou Ghrara |
| 4112 | Gidaphta, Cidiphtha? | Ras Segala, South jetty in the gulf of Bou Ghrara |
| 4113 | Gightis, Gichthi, Giti of Tripoli | Bou Ghrara |
| 4114 | Templum Veneris | Jorf |
| 4115 | Gidaphta, Cidiphtha? | Laflala |
| 4116 | Gourine East | |
| 4117 | Gidaphta, Cidiphtha? | Bou Amia, on lagoon NE of Arram |
| 4118 | Agma | near al-Zarat |
| 4119 | Roman villa near Zerkine | |
| 4120 | Roman villa South of Wadi el-Ferd | |
| 4121 | Tacapae, Tacapes, Tachape | Gabes |
| 4122 | Lacene? | Tarf el-Ma, at the outlet of R Wadi Rekhama near Akarit |
| 4122.1 | 1 km south of outlet of wadi Akarit | |
| 4123 | Cellae Picentinae, Cellae Vicus? | ex “Ferme Roderie” 300 m South of La Tour du Nadour |
| 4124 | Benfas, Bennafa, Portus Lariscus? | Bir Flaguess 2.5 km SW of the TRAPSA oil terminal |
| 4125 | Ad Oleastrum? | near al-Hushayshinah |
| 4126 | Neapoli | El-Khefifia? |
| 4127 | Macomades Minores, Oungha, Iunca, Iunci, Portus Lariscus? | Borj Younga, Onga, 10 km South of Mahres |
| 4128 | Thaenae, Thythna | Thyna |
| 4129 | Taphrura, Taparura | Sfax |
| 4129.1 | Henchir ech Cheggaf, Sidi Mansour | |
| 4129.2 | El-Aoubed, Koudiat Jaber | |
| 4130 | Cercenna, Cercina & Cercinitis insulae | Borj el-Hassar, on the isles of Kerkennah |
| 4131 | Usulla, Usula | near al-Amra |
| 4132 | Ruspe | South of La Louaza |
| 4133 | Acholla, Achulla, Anchola | Ras Boutria, jetty perpandicular to the coast |
| 4134 | Caput Vada, Iustinianopolis? Turris Hannibalis? | Ras Kaboudia, port of La Chebba, with possible lighthouse |
| 4135 | Syllectum, Sullecthum | Salakta, Ras el-Bled |
| 4136 | Gummi, Salipota? Alipota? Halipota? Zella? | Mahdia |
| 4137 | Thapsus | Ras Dimass, near Bekalta South of Monastir, large breakwater of the South port, with possible lighthouse |
| 4138 | Thapsus, Portus Pristinus | Ras Dimass, near Bekalta South of Monastir, access channel to the North port |
| 4139 | Leptis Minor, Leptiminus | Lamta, jetty perpandicular to the coast |
| 4140 | Taricheiai Nesoi insula | Dmagh el-Kaouaf, Grande Kuriate |
| 4141 | Thermis, Thermai | Monastir South |
| 4141.1 | Monastir, Sidi Mansour, Roman fish ponds | |
| 4142 | Ruspina | Monastir, islet La Tonnara (el-Ghedamsi islet) is probably just a quarry |
| 4143 | Hadrumete, Adrymetum, Adrymes, Adramytes, Honoriopolis, Hunericopolis, Justinianopolis | Sousse, initial port near the North wall of city |
| 4144 | Hadrumete, Adrymetum, Adrymes, Honoriopolis, Hunericopolis, Justinianopolis | Sousse, large submerged breakwater North of modern port |
| 4145 | Themetra? | Several Roman villas near Chott Meriam |
| 4146 | Horrea Caelia, Heraklea | Hergla |
| 4147 | Orbita? | near Enfidha |
| 4148 | Bou Kesra | |
| 4149 | Lamniana | near Selloum |
| 4150 | Pupput | Hammamet Sud |
| 4151 | Neapolis, Portus Neapolitanus | Nabeul, large Roman fish processing factory |
| 4152 | Ras Maamoura, Mamurah, Roman fish pond | |
| 4153 | Curubis | Korba, Curba, on R Bou il Idine |
| 4154 | Roman road of Ksir el-Rhalem | |
| 4155 | Roman road of Htouba | |
| 4156 | Clipea, Clupea, Clypea, Aspis, Aspidem | Kelibia |
| 4157 | Demma (horrea) | |
| 4157.1 | Es-Seguia | |
| 4158 | Kerkouane | |
| 4159 | Anquillaria, Aquilaria | Ras ed Drek, El-Hawaria East |
| 4160 | Latomiae, Les Latomies, Carthago’s quarry, near cape Hermaia | El-Haouaria |
| 4161 | Egimure, Corsura Aegimurus insula | port of the isle of Zembra |
| 4162 | Misua Portu | bay south of modern port of Sidi Daoud, Thonara |
| 4163 | Possible causeway to Djilia islet, about 2 km SW of modern port of Sidi Daoud | |
| 4164 | fish pond, about 2.5 km SW of modern port of Sidi Daoud | |
| 4165 | Degla, Dagha | about 10 km SW of modern port of Sidi Daoud |
| 4166 | Siminina, Thermis, Therma | Mraissa, Marisa |
| 4167 | Port Prince | Marsa Bin Ramdan |
| 4168 | Aquae Carpitianae | Korbous |
| 4169 | Carpo, Carpis, Carpe | Sidi Raïs |
| 4170 | Galabrante, Gumis? | near Soliman |
| 4171 | Ad Aquas | near Hammam Lif |
| 4172 | Naro, Aquae Persianae | near Hammam Lif |
| 4173 | Maxyla, Maxula Rates | Rades |
| 4174 | Tunes, Lake of Tunis | Tunis, Sebkha el-Bahira |
| 4175 | Carthago, Carthagine, Punic Qart Hadasht, Knyn, port of Salammbo | Carthago, commercial port, see also so-called “Neptune block” on the coast North of the ports |
| 4176 | Mandrace, Mandracium | Cothon of Carthage: circular naval base |
| 4177 | Saint Cyprian memorial | Dar Saniat bay at modern Hotel Amilcar, South of Sidi Bou Said |
| 4178 | Gammarth | |
| 4179 | Castra Cornelia, on R Bagradas | Kalat el-Andalous, in the delta of R Medjerda |
| 4180 | Utica, Ustica, Utique, Ityque | Utique |
| 4181 | Membrone? | near Zouaouine |
| 4182 | Castra Delia, Rusucmon, Ruscinona? | Ghar el-Melh, on the lagoon of Porto Farina |
| 4183 | Pulchri Prom., Apollinis Prom. | Quarry at Ras et Tarf, Cape Farina |
| 4184 | Phalans insula | Ile Plane, East of Raf Raf? These two islands are mentioned by Antonine between La Galite and Egimure (Zembra). These two small islands, located offshore Raf Raf, are the only ones to be seen during the trip from La Galite to Zembra |
| 4185 | Vulturia insula | Ile Cani, Dziret el-Ikleb, North of Raf Raf? These two islands are mentioned by Antonine between La Galite and Egimure (Zembra). These two small islands, located offshore Raf Raf, are the only ones to be seen during the trip from La Galite to Zembra |
| 4186 | Thinisa, Tuniza, Tuna | Safi |
| 4187 | Ras ez Zebib | |
| 4188 | Quarry at R’mel | |
| 4189 | Hippo Diarrhytos, Hippo Dirutus, Hippone Zarito, Benzarte | Bizerte |
| 4190 | Henchir Chaara, on Lake of Bizerte | |
| 4191 | Pointe El-Ouali, on the SE bank of the Lake of Bizerte | |
| 4192 | Horrea at Ras Bin Sekka, Ras Ghirane, and several Roman villas between Ras Angela, Ras Enghela, and Cap Blanc | |
| 4193 | Khechad | |
| 4194 | Ras el-Koran | |
| 4195 | Quarry near Marsa Nouira, Marsa Douiba | |
| 4196 | Sidi Mechrig | |
| 4197 | Galata, L’ecueil de Pasque | La Galite |
| 4198 | Palmaria | Galiton, islet near La Galite |
| 4199 | Argoub el-Bania | |
| 4200 | Thabraca, Tabraca | Tabarka |
| 4201 | Tuniza | near el-Kala, el-Kolea, La Calle |
| 4202 | Hippone, Hippo Regius | Annaba, on the left bank of R Wadi Boudjimah, nearly 1 km from the outlet, according to Elie de la Primaudaie, 1861 |
| 4203 | Siur portus | perhaps the Anse du Fort Genois in the baie des Corailleurs, North of Annaba, according to Elie de la Primaudaie, 1861 |
| 4204 | el-Forkan? | |
| 4205 | Collops Parvus, Sulluco, Sublucu, Sulluctu? | Aïn Babar |
| 4206 | Tacatua, Holochites portus, Holochites Sinus | bay of Takouch NW of Annaba: Chetaibi |
| 4207 | Zacca | Cape de Fer, Ras el-Haddid |
| 4208 | Culucitanis? | el-Mersa |
| 4209 | Paratianis | near Guerbes beach |
| 4210 | Rusicade, Rusciadae, Thapsa, Numidicus portus, Numidicus Sinus | Skikda, SW of the railway station |
| 4211 | Bay of Stora, Astora? | near Skikda |
| 4212 | Chullu, Collops Magna | Collo |
| 4213 | Naxic insula, Ile Naxique | peninsula of Collo, now connected to the continent |
| 4214 | Port of Olives, Paccianis Matidae? | Mers el-Zitoun, at the outlet of R Wadi Zhour |
| 4215 | Tucca, on R Ampsaga | on the left bank of the first bend, 4 km from the outlet of R Wadi el-Kebir |
| 4216 | Igilgili | Jijel, Djidjelli |
| 4217 | Iarsath, Uzicath | el-Aouana and island Cavallo? |
| 4218 | Choba, Chobae, Coba Municipum | Azirou, 3 km West of Ziama Mansouriah |
| 4219 | Musluvium, Muslubio | near Aokas |
| 4220 | Saldas, Saldae | Bejaïa |
| 4221 | Roman villa at Sidi Khelifa | |
| 4222 | Rusazus | Azeffoun, Port Gueydon |
| 4223 | Rusippisir, Rusibirsir | Sidi Khaled, near Taksebt |
| 4224 | Iomnium | Tigzirt, with a road to the islet of Tigzirt |
| 4225 | Rusucurru, Ascurum | Dellys |
| 4226 | Cissi | Cape Djinet |
| 4227 | Dar Mendil | |
| 4228 | Rusubbicari Matidiae, Port des Poules, Port of chicken | Mers el-Hadjedje, Zemmouri |
| 4229 | Djezair el-Kodra, near Reghaia | |
| 4230 | Rusguniae | Cape Matifou, Tametfoust near Bordj el-Bahri, La Perouse |
| 4231 | Icosium, Akion | Alger, Algiers, and its îlot de l’Amiraute |
| 4232 | Cape Caxine | |
| 4233 | Obori? | Sidi Ferruch |
| 4234 | Fouka | |
| 4235 | Casae Calventi? | Bou Ismaïl |
| 4236 | Tagourait | |
| 4237 | Thapsa, Tipasa | Tipaza, sheltered by two islets |
| 4238 | Thapsa, Tipasa | Tipaza, quarry, port inside the lagoon? |
| 4238.1 | Thapsa, Tipasa | Tipaza, fish processing factory |
| 4239 | Quarry near Caroubier beach, below djebel Chenoua | |
| 4239.1 | el-Baldj, Beldj | |
| 4240 | Roman villa at Thalefsa | |
| 4240.1 | Roman villa at el-Khous | |
| 4241 | Trois Îlots Hamdania, Ras el-Meskhouta, Roman fish processing factory | |
| 4241.1 | Cap Blanc, Rocher Blanc | |
| 4241.2 | Caesarea Mauretaniae, Cesaree de Mauretanie, Iol | Cherchel, fish processing factory at cap Tizirine |
| 4242 | Caesarea Mauretaniae, Cesaree de Mauretanie, Iol | Cherchel, eastern basin |
| 4243 | Caesarea Mauretaniae, Cesaree de Mauretanie, Iol | Cherchel, western basin, Roman naval base |
| 4244 | Psamathos | isle of Joinville in front of Cherchel, with ancient lighthouse |
| 4244.1 | Jofr el-Amar, Pointe Rouge | |
| 4244.2 | Several Roman villae near wadi Hammam | |
| 4244.3 | Roman villae near wadi Afiri | |
| 4245 | Roman villa near wadi Sidi Ghiles | |
| 4245.1 | Roman villa at Bidal, Bidel, near wadi el-Haouch and Madame Romaine beach | |
| 4245.2 | Roman quarry & villa at Cave Hardy, near Petit Vichy beach | |
| 4245.3 | Roman quarry near wadi Tirhermine | |
| 4245.4 | Roman villa at Lalla Tamezguida, near wadi Ifri | |
| 4245.5 | Hadjret en-Nous | |
| 4246 | Gouraya | |
| 4247 | Gunugu, Gunucus | Sidi Brahim, near Gouraya |
| 4248 | Cartili? port of Castellum Germanorum | outlet of R Damous |
| 4249 | Lar, Iar Castellum? | Beni Haoua |
| 4250 | Cartenna | Tenes |
| 4251 | Arsennaria | near Le Guelta |
| 4252 | Kherbet Ramoul | |
| 4253 | Cape Kramis, near Ouled Boughalem | |
| 4254 | Outlet of wadi Roumane, wadi Titinguel | |
| 4255 | Cape Ivi | |
| 4256 | Port of Quiza Cenitana | Outlet of wadi Chelif, with ancient lighthouse |
| 4257 | Murustaga, Deorum portus | Mostaganem |
| 4258 | Portus Magnus, Fretum Magnum | Port aux Poules at Bethioua, near Arzew |
| 4259 | Portus Magnus, Fretum Magnum | Old Arzew |
| 4260 | Portus Divinus, Theulimen | Oran |
| 4261 | Acium insula | Ile aux oiseaux, Jazirah Tatouyour in front of Cape Falcon |
| 4262 | Castra Puerum, « Mes » of Scylax’ Periplus | Les Andalouses |
| 4263 | Error? Insula | Ile Plane, Ile Paloma |
| 4264 | Mersa Madakh | |
| 4265 | Bartas, Tauria insula | Isles of Habibas North of Bouzedjar |
| 4266 | Gilva | Mersa Bouzadjar? |
| 4267 | Crispas | submerged in front of Sbiaat, Gerardi Beach? |
| 4268 | Camarata | Sidi Djeloul at the outlet of R Wadi Ghazer |
| 4269 | Portus Sigensis, port of Siga | Takembrit, maritime port |
| 4270 | Siga, Sigon, Syke | Takembrit, river port |
| 4271 | Akra, Acra insula | excavated basin on the isle of Rachgoun in front of Takembrit |
| 4272 | Portu Caecili | Wardania beach? |
| 4273 | Gypsaria, Artisiga, port of the Ifrenids | Honaine |
| 4274 | Ad Fratres, port of Nedroma | Ghazaouet-Nemours |
| 4275 | Lemnis? | near Bider |
| 4276 | Calama de Mauretania, on R Malva, Mulva, Mulucha, Molochath | salt production on R Wadi Mulucha, Moulouya, Malua, Malvana |
| 4277 | Tres insulas | Chafarinas islands, from E to W : île du Roi, île d’Isabelle, île du Congres |
| 4278 | Atalayoun, Marchica near Nador, possible salt production | |
| 4279 | Rusaddir, east of Metagonium prom. | Melilla, east of cabo de Tres Forcas |
| 4279.1 | Sidi Driss, on R Ameqrane | |
| 4280 | Sex insulae, Drinaupa? | al-Hoceima |
| 4281 | Parietina | Torres de Alcala |
| 4282 | Cobucla | el-Jebha |
| 4283 | R Laud navigable, Taenia Longa? | R Wadi Laou |
| 4284 | Emsa, Amsa, Kubia, Cudia Tebmain, possible fish processing factory and amphora kilns | |
| 4285 | Sidi Abdesalam del Behar, possible fish processing factory and salt production and amphora kilns on old wadi Martil outlet | |
| 4286 | Metrouna, fish processing factory on old wadi Martil outlet | |
| 4287 | Tamuda | fort and river port on R Wadi Martil, with Roman amphora kilns |
| 4288 | Aquila maior | Cabo Negro |
| 4289 | Sania y Torres, quarry and fish processing factory | |
| 4290 | Sidi Bou Hayel, on wadi Negron, near Restinga, fish processing factory | |
| 4291 | Aquila minor | Los Castillejos, on wadi Fnideq, possible fish processing factory |
| 4292 | Playa de la Ribera, in the South bay of Ceuta | |
| 4293 | Santa Catalina, at northern tip of Monte Hacho at Ceuta | |
| 4294 | Ad Septem Fratres, Herculesum Fretum | modern port of Ceuta, at the toe of Monte Hacho which is sometimes assimilated with one of the Pillars of Hercules, several fish processing factories, Roman amphora kilns and possible salt production on the isthmus |
| 4295 | Playa Benitez, near Ceuta | |
| 4296 | Mt Abyla, Abila | Belyounech, Beliunes, in the bay of Benzu, at the toe of Jebel Mousa, Djebel Moussa, near Ceuta, which is generally assimilated with one of the Pillars of Hercules, possible fish processing factory |
| 4297 | Ogygia, Calypso’s island where Odysseus possibly made a long stop | Isle of Perejil, al-Yazira Layla Tawra |
| 4298 | el-Marsa, Ouadmarsa, Marsa Musa, fish processing factory | |
| 4299 | Er Rmel-near the modern port of Tanger Med, possible fish processing factory | |
| 4300 | Lissa? | Ksar Seghir, Qsar Sghir, fish processing factory |
| 4301 | Dchar Askfane, fish processing factory and Roman amphora kilns | |
| 4302 | Sahara, Ezzahara, fish processing factory | |
| 4303 | Leliak, fish processing factory | |
| 4304 | Wadi Liam, oued Aliane, possible fish processing factory | |
| 4305 | Kankouz, fish processing factory | |
| 4306 | Tanja el-Balia, Gandori, Roman (or Portuguese?) fort at Malabata, possible fish processing factory and salt production | |
| 4307 | Tingi Mauretaniam, Thigge, Tingis, Thymiateria, Thymaterion | Tangier, Tanger |
| 4308 | Cape Soloeis, Ampelusia | Ashaqqar, Achakar beach, South of Hercules caves, near Cape Spartel |
| 4309 | Cottae, Cotes | Large Roman fish processing factory and possible salt production |
| 4310 | Roman villa at Sidi Kacem, possible fish processing factory | |
| 4311 | Quarry and fish processing factory and possible salt production near outlet of wadi Tahadart | |
| 4312 | Sidi Bou Nouar, possible fish processing factory | |
| 4313 | Ermaia Akra | Ras Kouass, quarry near outlet of wadi Gharifa |
| 4314 | Kouass, fish processing factory with Roman amphora kilns and possible salt production near wadi Garifa | |
| 4315 | Lalla Safia, possible fish processing factory | |
| 4316 | Port of Zilil, Zilis, Silis | Asilah, possible fish processing factory. Zilil is located at Dchar Jdid, 12 km NE of Azilah |
| 4317 | Roman villa near Souk Khemis | |
| 4318 | Djouima | |
| 4319 | Sidi Abderahim | |
| 4320 | Roman villa at Rekada | |
| 4321 | Lixus, Lynx, Trinx, on R Lixus | 5 km East of Larache, very large Roman fish processing factory and possible salt production and amphora kilns on wadi Loukkos |
| 4322 | Banasa on R Sububus, Subur | Sidi Ali bou Jenoun on R Wadi Sebou, fish processing factory and Roman amphora kilns |
| 4323 | Thamusida on R Sububus, Subur | Sidi Ali ben Ahmed, Roman fort with Roman amphora kilns on R Wadi Sebou, 12 km NE of Kenitra |
| 4324 | Mehdia | |
| 4325 | Sala Colonia | Chellah, Sale, with possible salt production and amphora kilns on R Wadi Bouregreg, near Rabat |
| 4326 | Roman fort at Seguia Faraoun | |
| 4327 | R Asana, Asama, navigable | R Wadi Cherrat, near Bouznika |
| 4328 | Fedala, Fedhala | Mohammedia, with possible salt production near Plage des Sablettes |
| 4329 | Anfa | Casablanca |
| 4330 | Azama, Karikon Teichos? | Azemmour |
| 4331 | Rutubis, Rusibis, Gytte, Gutte? | Mazagan, el-Jadida |
| 4332 | Tit, Akra? | Sidi Bouzid |
| 4333 | Moulay Abdallah with possible salt production pits | |
| 4334 | Sidi Abed with possible salt production | |
| 4335 | Melitta | Oualidia with possible salt production |
| 4336 | Mysocaras, Musokaras | Safi |
| 4337 | Mogador | Essaouira, outlet of R Wadi Ksob |
| 4338 | Isle of Mogador, iles Purpuraires, Purple islands, Arambys insulae, Aranbys? | in front of Essaouira, fish processing factory |
| 4339 | Cape Rhysaddir, Risadir | Cape Ghir, 50 km North of Agadir |
| 4340 | Fum Asaca on wadi Fum, Noun, possible dye factory | |
| 4341 | Fortunatae insulae, Makaron nesoi, Elysian Fields, the Hesperides | Canaria islands |
| 4341.1 | Aprositos insula | Isla de Alegranza? |
| 4341.2 | Junonia Micra insula | Isla de Montana Clara? |
| 4341.3 | Hera, Junonia, Juno insula | Isla Graciosa? |
| 4341.4 | Pluitana, Pluvialia, Ombrios insula | Isla Lanzarote? |
| 4341.5 | Casperia, Capraria insula | Isla Fuerteventura? |
| 4341.6 | Canaria, Planaria insula? | Isla Gran Canaria? |
| 4341.7 | Pinturia, Centuria, Ninguaria, Nivaria, Invallis, Convallis insula | Isla Tenerife? |
| 4341.8 | Erbania insula? | Isla Gomera? |
| 4342 | Isle of Cerne | Isle of Herne in the gulf of Dakhla? Hanno indicates he navigated 2 days to the South from Larache, 1 day to the East, and that the island has a perimeter of ½ nautical mile, and that it is inside a gulf, about 850 nautical miles from Ceuta. The isle of Herne is inside of the gulf of Dakhla (also called Rio de Oro) which is more than 20 nautical miles long and is located about 1000 nautical miles from Ceuta. The isle of Herne has a perimeter in the order of 1 nautical mile. Despite the approximations, there does not seem to be any other site in this part of the world that corresponds better to Hanon’s description. His journey went on to an unlocated bay called Hesperu Keras (possibly Cape Three Points in Ghana) and to a mountain called Theon Ochema (possibly Mount Cameroon) and to a bay called Notou Keras where he finally turned around back home. |
| 4343 | Notou Keras bay | This bay is where Hanno decided to go back home. This bay was located at 3 sailing days South of a high mountain with fire called Theon Ochema which might be Mount Cameroon. An island with gorillas was located on a lake which was located on an island in this bay: the isle of Mbanié is now a tiny island which might once have been part of Corisco island and its surrounding lagoon, itself located in Corisco bay (Gabon) around 200 nautical miles South of Mount Cameroon. This similarity is obviously hypothetical, but it is plausible … Note that in this area trade winds and currents are North oriented, and therefore quite adverse for navigating further South. Note also that Ptolemy places Notuceras, Notou-Keras on the African East coast (Geogr. 4, 7), and Hesperou Keras on the African West coast (Geogr. 4, 6): this confirms his vision of an African continent roughly limited to the area North of the Equator. |