Prasum prom?

Quiloa, KIlwa

Rhapta, Rapta, Rhapta, Rapta, capital city of Azania, Panchea

Bwejuu island, Boydu Island

Mafiaco insula

Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani, on Unguja island (Zanzibar)

Machaga cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar)

Kuumbi cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar)

Pemba island

Mombasa, 3 stone anchors near Fort Jesus

Pyraloi insulae?

Toniki, Tonice Prom.

Gondal at Kismayo?

Nicon, Nikon

Essina

Sarapion Prom.

Opone

Pano at Ras Binna?

Cape Tabae, Tabai at Tohen, Tooxin, north of Ras Shenarif, Chenarif, Shannaqiif?

Dioscoridis insula, Panchaia, Fortunate islands

Hoq cave

Hajriya

Kosh on Socotra island

Aromaton Emporion

Acana, Acannae, Daphnon Magnum, Psygmus, Psyglatus, Cinocephali waters, R Elephas?

Cape Elephas, Elephantas

Xabo, Abot fort?

Daphnon Parvum

Port of Botiala

Tapatege, Tabatege

Nilopotamion

Mosylium, Mosylon Emporion

Mundus, Mondou Emporion, Pythangelu Limen?

Khor Shoreh, Shoora

Siyara, Siyaara

Eil Geradi, Ceel Gerdi

Malao

Bulhar

Avalitae, Avalites, Abalites, Aualis

Port of Isis

Guinni Koma, ile du Diable, inside Ghoubbet el-Karab, Monfreid's Gubet Karab

Obock

Khor Omeira, Monfreid's Kor Omeira

Ras Imran

Eudaimon Arabia, Arabia emporion, Porto, Adane

Mesala

PM: Marib ancient capital city of Saba

Abisama, Ambisama, Ebisma

Bal Haf, Balihaf

Qana, Cana, Qani, Kane, port of the Hadramawites

Orneon insula

Troullas insula

Trulla, Troulla, Tralla portus?

Tritus, Tretos portus at Khor al Mukalla?

al-Shirh

Ras Sharma

Thialemath at al-Musayn'a?

Ras Sharwayn

Khaisat, South of Ras Fartak

Syagrus, Syagros, Suagros

Ausara, Omana bay

Neogilla, Neogeiala

Khor Kharfot, on wadi Sayq

Bosara, Boseude, Kosara, Koseude

Salalah, Raysut

al-Baleed

Moscha, Abyssa, Sumhuram

Mirbat

Asich, Asichon

Serapis island, Pliny's Ogyris insula?

Khuwaymah

Ras Jibsh

Ras al-Jinz, al-Hawrah

Korodamon? Coromane?

Sour

Qalhat, near wadi Hilm

Bimmah

Qurayat

Bandar Khairan

Cryptus Portus, Amithoscuta

Dimma, Seeb, Sib

Al Suwadi, Sawadi

Sohar

Port Leupas

Khor Kalba

Port du Mont Orsa at Khor Fakkan

Bidiya, Badiyah

Dibba al-Hisn

Coboea portus, port of Goboea

Asabon, Asaborum, Maketa, Mane, Maka Prom.

Portus Mochorbae, Port Machorbe

Rhegma, Regama, Raamah?

Ommana, Omana, Omanum emporium

Tell Abraq

Muwaihat

Jumeirah, Dubai

al-Sufouh

Ghanadha

Umm an-Nar

Marawah island

Dalma island

Taboca, Cadara

Port of Gerrha at al-Uqayr? Port Aqeer, Uqair fort of uncertain date

Gerrha at Al-Hufuf?

Tylos, Tyrus insula, Arados insula, centre of the archaic Dilmun empire

Bilad al-Qadim, near al-Khamish and al-Hassam mosques, Bahrain

Saar temple, Bahrain

Barbar temple, Bahrain

Samahij, Samaheej, Mashmahij, Meshmahig, Bahrain

Ain as Sayh, near al Khobar

Dammam

Darin, on Tarout island

Qatif

Ayn Jawan

Dosariyah

Jabal Berri

Istriana?

Mallaba?

Burgan hill

Akarum, Ikaros, Icarus

al-Khor, al-Khidr

al-Awazim

Itamos, Tamus portus

Tell Akkaz, Koweith

Umm an Namel, Koweith

Subiyah

Teredon, Teriton, Diritotis, Didotis, Marcian's Adarupolis? Ptolemy's Adarou?

Apologos? Marcian's Coromane? Ptolemy's Koromaris?

Forat

Charax Spasinou, Alexandria, Antiochia

Lagash

Girsu

Nigin, Nina, Nenua

Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, North Port

Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, West Port

Tal Abu Tbeirah

Eridu

Uruk, Orchoe, Erech, Orikut, Borcoe?

Borsippa, Burs

Babylon, Babel

Seleukia ad Tigrim, Seleucia on the Tigris

Akkad, Agade? Diniktum?

Susa, Shushan, Seleucia ad Eulaeum

Aginis somewhere in this area

Seleucia ad Hedyphon, Seleukeia Susiana, Solace, Soloke, Surak

Ancient coastline
Adapted from Barrington Atlas.

R Euphrates
Salles (2012), "Le Golfe Persique dans le Périple de la mer Erythrée", TOPOI, Suppl. 11, (p 293-328).

R Pasitigris
Possibly following the present Shatt el-Arab from the sea to El-Qurnah at today's confluence of R Tigris and R Euphrates, but some believe it follows R Karun.

R Eulaeus, Ulai, Ulaya
R Karkheh
Heyvaert (2012), "The role of human interference on the channel shifting of the river Karkheh in the Lower Khuzestan plain (Mesopotamia, SW Iran)", Quaternary International 251, (p 52-63). Following the older "Kh1" track.

R Mogaeus
R Dez & Karun?
Walstra (2010), "Reconstructing landscape evolution in the Lower Khuzestan plain (SW Iran)", in "Landscapes through the lens", Oxbow Books, (p 111-128). Following the "K2" track.

R Karun (modern)
Walstra (2010), "Reconstructing landscape evolution in the Lower Khuzestan plain (SW Iran)", in "Landscapes through the lens", Oxbow Books, (p 111-128). Following the "K3" track. Perhaps an ancient river flowed here, e.g. R Mogeus, Moaios, Mosaios mentioned by Marcian.

R Hedyphon
R Jarrahi?
Called R Maroon, Marun further upstream.
Hypothetical ancient outlet upstreams of Shadegani, would explain the muddy shallows encountered by Nearchus, as this river seems to carry much sediment.

R Oroatis
R Zoreh, R Hendiyan

R Eulaeus, Ulai, Ulaya, leading from Charax Spasinou to Susa (Pliny, 6, 138)

Hypothetical ancient outlet of R Karun, possibly called R Mogeus, Mogaios, Mosaios

Nearchus' muddy shallows in Shadegan Ponds?

Taxiana insula at Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, inside Musa Bay?

Margastana insula, at Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, inside Musa Bay?

R Oroatis, Arosis

R Brizana? R Brisoana?

Jannaba, on R Rhogonis, Rhogomanis, Rogonis

Sophtha insula, Arakia insula? Kharg island

Temukan, Taoke, on R Granis, Dratinus

Bardak-Siah Palace, on R Dalaki

Hieratis, at outlet of Heratemis canal

Antiocheia Persidos? on Mesambria Peninsula? Alexandri Insula?

Port of Lyan? Ionaka?

Liyan

Hazar-Mardan, Hazar Mardom

R Padagrus

R Sitacus, R Brisoana?

Ausinza, Ausizan

Gogana, Najirum, near R Areon

Siraf, Tahiri

R Badagra, Bagrada

Apostana

Below Mount Ochus? near R Dara?

pearl fishers' island

Huzu

Eas, behind Kaikandros, Cecandrus island

Kataia, Cataea island

R Cathrapis?

Sisidona, Sidodona, near R Salsos, R Korius? east of Tarsias, Themistias Prom.

unnamed island (Tunb island)

Anchorage in front of an island devoted to Poseidon

Oaracta insula, Oorachtha, Oracta, in front of R Salsos, R Korius, with BA settlement 2 km south of Ramchah

Agedana insula, Sagdana? Ogyris?

BA settlement east of Bander-e Laft

R Achidana?

Organa island, Jarun island, Ogyris? in front of R Daras?

R Andanis?

Harmozeia, Harmozan, Armuzia, near R Anamis, R Saganos, R Hyctanis?

Neoptana, Portus Macedonum?

Karpella

Badis

Agrisa? Ommana? Rhogana? in mangrove area west of Surgalm?

R Salarus, Nosala insula in this country of Fish-eaters?

Dagaseira, Dagasira

Troesi, Troea

Kanate, Samydake, Caumatis, Kanthatis

R Samydacus

Pola, Polla insula?

Kanasida, Tysa, Tyz

Talmena, Kandriakes, Hydrianeus

Bageia Prom.

Kyiza, Kuitza, Guitza

Alambatera, Alambater, Alabagium Prom. with Ziba, Liba insula

Kophas, Kophanta, Gophanta

Deren-Obila, Dendrobosa

Barna, Barada, Badara, Balara insula

Balomus, on R Zorambos, Zorombos

Mosarna, Musarna

Kissa, Cissa, Karbis, Carbis

Carmina, Karmine, Asthala insula, called Asthea insula by Ptolemy, Nosala insula, Solis insula, Selera insula, Nympharum Cubile

Kabyla, Kalama Kolpos

Kolta

Bagasira, Pasira

Malana Prom., Maleus Mons

Stobera, on R Tomerus, Tonberus, Tubero

Kokala, Cocala, Origala? Oritene? Oraea? Horaia? Ora? port of Alexandria Rhambakia, Rambacia?

Kabana, Cabana, Argenuus?

Balakot, Kot Bala

Pagala, Pagadae

R Aarabes, Artabis, Arabius, Nabris, Cabirus

Coastline around 325 BC
After M. Kervran, 1995, "Le delta de l'Indus au temps d'Alexandre. Quelques éléments nouveaux pour l'interprétation des sources narratives", in: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 139ᵉ année, N°1, 1995, (p 259-312).

Western Indus branch
After M. Kervran, 1995, "Le delta de l'Indus au temps d'Alexandre. Quelques éléments nouveaux pour l'interprétation des sources narratives", in: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 139ᵉ année, N°1, 1995, (p 259-312).

Eastern Indus branch
After M. Kervran, 1995, "Le delta de l'Indus au temps d'Alexandre. Quelques éléments nouveaux pour l'interprétation des sources narratives", in: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 139ᵉ année, N°1, 1995, (p 259-312).

Morontobara, Gynaikon Limen, Mulierum Portus, Rhapraua? Sindu?

Ratto Kot Fortress, 4-5th c. AD, possibly older.
Second island visited by Alexander during his exploration of the western Indus branch?

Sakala, Sacala

Domai, Coralliba insula, possibly in this area, near R Ranpattahni

Alexandrou Limen, Portus Macedonum, on R Sagapa, Sangada, Sinthos, behind insula Bibacta, Bibaga, Barbarikon, Barbaricum, Barace

Cilluta insula, Scillustis, Psiltucis at Makli hill

Krokala, Cocala insula somewhere in this area?

Koreestis, Coreestis possibly in this area

Kaumara, Caumara possibly in this area

stura, Stoura possibly inb this area

Patala, Pattala, Potana, on R Sinthos

Alexander's naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, where Leonnatus waited for him, possibly near Lal Daro

Port of Dholavira, on R Saran

Pabumath, approx location

Ner

Juni Kuran

Canthi, Xilenopolis, Great lake

Alexander's naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, from where Nearchus was supposed to leave the country, possibly at Lakhpat

Todio Timbo, Bhedi, approx location

Navinal, approx location

Shikarpur

Kanmer

Surkotada

Nagwada IV

Bagasra

Kuntasi

Lakhabava, approx location

Bet Dwarka

Barake insula, in Baraca sinus, Kanthi sinus, Canthicolpo, Dvaraka

Nageshwar

Meda creek, possibly in front of Harshad Mata temple, near Miyani

Kindari creek, near Visawada

Bardaxema, Bardaxima

Monoglossum emporium, at outlet of R Mophidis

Somnath, on Triveni Mahasangam creek, on R Hiran

Kanjetar Harappan site

Diva Dandi lighthouse at Mul Dwarka, near Kodinar, on R Shinghoda

Kaj, with Roman amphorae, west of Diu island

Astakapra, Astacampra

Papica, Papike

Lothal

Mehgam, on R Narmada

Barygaza, Barugaza, Bargosa

Bhagatrav, on R Kim

Kammoni

Suppara, Souppara, Supparaka

Kalliena, Calliana

Elephanta insula, Dounga?

Semylla, Semulla, Sibor?

Mandagora, Mandargiri, Mandgor

Palaepatmae, Palaipatmai

Melizigara, Milizigeris, Sigerus

Byzantion, Byzantium

Togarus, Toparon

Aurannoboas, Erannoboas, Tyrannosboas

Kouma

Aigidioi nesos

Chersonesus, in front of Keineitoi Nesos

Leuke Nesos

Kalaikarias

Nitries, Nitrias, Nitra emporium, Mangarouth?

Naura, Naoura

Tyndis, Tundis, Cosmas' Salopatana?

Muziris, Muzuris, Muciri, Cosmas' Nalopatana?

Tropina, Ptolemy's Podoperura? Cosmas' Poudopatana?

Nelcynda, Neacyndi, Nelkunda, Melcynda, Melkunda, Nincylda, Nilcinna

Barace, Bakare, Baccare

Elangkoros, Elancor, Elancorum emporium

Pyrron Oros, Red Mount, Red Cliffs, Rufus

Balita, north of cape Komarei, Comari, Comorin

Komarei, Comari, Comorin Prom.

Kolkhoi, Kolchi, Colchis,Tuticorin

Mosikouri, Mosicure

Talacori emporium? Manthottam, Mantota, Mahathiththa?

Hippuros

Margana at Uruvelapattna? at outlet of R Kala Oya

Priapidis portus?

Wattala, Colombo

Odoka

Mordi portus, Palaesimundum? Godapwata

port of Maagrammon, at Kirinda

Solis portus at Pottuvil?

Rhizala portus at Peariyakallar?

Spatana at Lankapattana?

Nagadiba, Gokanna, Gokarna

Modutti emporium at Pudavaikattu?

Boreum, Boreion Prom.

Jambukolapattana

Saliyur, Selour, Argalou? Argeirou?

Chaberis emporium, Kaberis, Cosmas' Caber, and nearby Nagour, Camara, Kouroula, Thellyr & Nikama, Marallo?

Karige, Karaikadu

Podouke

Sopatma